论文标题
矮星系和黑洞扩展关系
Dwarf Galaxies and the Black-Hole Scaling Relations
论文作者
论文摘要
带有测量的中央黑洞质量$ m $和速度分散$σ$的矮星系样品最近增加了一倍，并非常适合外推的$ M \ proptoσ$关系，以获得更大的大型星系。我们认为，这很难与建议，即星系及其中央黑洞之间的缩放关系只是通过重复合并组装的统计结果。这预测黑洞质量明显大于矮星系中观察到的黑洞质量，除非不相关的种子黑洞和恒星质量的初始分布仅限于比以前假设的小得多。与观察到的$ m \ proptoσ^4 $相比，它还预测了矮人的$ m \ proptoσ$关系的明显平坦。相比之下，黑洞反馈预测，黑洞质量倾向于在所有星系中的通用$ m \ proptoσ^4 $关系，并且正确地赋予了矮星系中最近观察到的强大外流的特性。这些考虑再次强调，基本的物理黑洞 - 星系缩放关系在$ m $和$σ$之间。 $ m $与Bulge Mass $ M_B $的关系是Acausal，取决于Stellar Refectback设置的$ M_B $和$σ$之间的非常独立的连接。
The sample of dwarf galaxies with measured central black hole masses $M$ and velocity dispersions $σ$ has recently doubled, and gives a close fit to the extrapolation of the $M \propto σ$ relation for more massive galaxies. We argue that this is difficult to reconcile with suggestions that the scaling relations between galaxies and their central black holes are simply a statistical consequence of assembly through repeated mergers. This predicts black hole masses significantly larger than those observed in dwarf galaxies unless the initial distribution of uncorrelated seed black hole and stellar masses is confined to much smaller masses than earlier assumed. It also predicts a noticeable flattening of the $M \propto σ$ relation for dwarfs, to $M \propto σ^2$ compared with the observed $M \propto σ^4$. In contrast black hole feedback predicts that black hole masses tend towards a universal $M \propto σ^4$ relation in all galaxies, and correctly gives the properties of powerful outflows recently observed in dwarf galaxies. These considerations emphasize once again that the fundamental physical black-hole -- galaxy scaling relation is between $M$ and $σ$. The relation of $M$ to the bulge mass $M_b$ is acausal, and depends on the quite independent connection between $M_b$ and $σ$ set by stellar feedback.
