论文标题

通过代表性轨迹从交通流进行的路线重建

Route Reconstruction from Traffic Flow via Representative Trajectories

论文作者

Custers, Bram, Meulemans, Wouter, Speckmann, Bettina, Verbeek, Kevin

论文摘要

了解人类流动性是交通分析和城市规划的重要方面。轨迹可在特定路线上提供详细的视图,但通常不会捕获所有流量。循环检测器改为在特定位置捕获所有交通流量,但没有提供有关单个路线的信息。考虑到一组循环检测器测量和一组代表性轨迹,我们的目标是研究如何有效地结合这两个部分数据源以创建基本移动性的更完整的图片。具体而言,我们希望使用给定的轨迹作为典型行为的代表来重建从循环检测器数据中的一组现实的路由。 我们将循环检测器数据建模为需要由重建路线覆盖的网络流,我们通过Fréchet距离捕获了与代表的距离的现实主义。我们证明了由此产生的几种形式的问题是NP-HARD。因此,我们探索启发式方法,可以很好地分解流,同时跟随代表在不同程度上。首先,我们提出了Fréchet路线(FR)启发式,该路线会产生候选路线的距离。其次,我们描述了多商品最小成本流(MCMCF)的变体,该变体与轨迹松散耦合。最后,我们考虑全球最小成本流(GMCF),这对代表来说实际上是不可知的。 我们使用地图匹配的地面真相评估了这些方法的合成和现实轨迹数据。我们发现GMCF最好解释流量,但产生了许多路线(大大比地面真相更多);这些路线通常是荒谬的。 MCMCF产生了许多大多数现实的途径,这些路线可以很好地解释该流程。相比之下,FR会产生明显较小的现实路线集,尽管运行时间较高,但仍可以很好地解释流动。

Understanding human mobility is an important aspect of traffic analysis and urban planning. Trajectories provide detailed views on specific routes, but typically do not capture all traffic. Loop detectors capture all traffic flow at specific locations instead, but provide no information on individual routes. Given a set of loop-detector measurements and a set of representative trajectories, our goal is to investigate how one can effectively combine these two partial data sources to create a more complete picture of the underlying mobility. Specifically, we want to reconstruct a realistic set of routes from the loop-detector data, using the given trajectories as representatives of typical behavior. We model loop-detector data as a network flow that needs to be covered by the reconstructed routes and we capture realism of the routes via the Fréchet distance to the representatives. We prove that several forms of the resulting problem are NP-hard. Hence we explore heuristics that decompose the flow well while following the representatives to varying degrees. First we propose the Fréchet Routes (FR) heuristic which generates candidates routes with bounded Fréchet distance. Second we describe a variant of multi-commodity min-cost flow (MCMCF) which is loosely coupled to the trajectories. Lastly we consider global min-cost flow (GMCF) which is essentially agnostic to the representatives. We evaluate these approaches on synthetic and real-world trajectory data with a map-matched ground truth. We find that GMCF explains the flow best, but produces a large number of routes (significantly more than the ground truth); these routes are often nonsensical. MCMCF produces a large number of mostly realistic routes which explain the flow reasonably well. In contrast, FR produces significantly smaller sets of realistic routes that still explain the flow well, albeit with a higher running time.

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