论文标题
缓解高度可再生能源系统中建筑物中的热量需求峰值
Mitigating heat demand peaks in buildings in a highly renewable European energy system
论文作者
论文摘要
在欧盟最终能源消耗的40％中，太空和水的供暖占了欧盟最终能源消耗的40％，因此在降低整体成本和温室气体排放方面起着关键作用。在建筑物中达到零净排放的许多情况都取决于电气化，但是满足冬季的热量需求峰可能会具有挑战性，尤其是当风能和太阳能资源较低时。本文研究了如何在自上而下的，二氧化碳排放限制为net-Zero中，在自上而下的部门耦合模型中，如何减轻空间加热需求的峰值。它介绍了第一个同时将供应和效率同时优化的模型，包括所有欧洲国家都有每小时分辨率。研究了技术之间解决这些加热峰的竞争，即建筑改造，热能存储和带有备用燃气锅炉的单个混合热泵。一个新颖的思想实验表明，建筑物翻新水平是由强烈的季节性热量峰值驱动的，而不是整体能源消耗。如果应用了所有三种仪器，则总成本将减少多达17％。建筑物的翻新能够以最大的成本节省14％的成本，并允许将单个燃气锅炉从能源系统中取出，而无需更高的成本。
Space and water heating accounts for about 40% of final energy consumption in the European Union and thus plays a key role in reducing overall costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Many scenarios to reach net-zero emissions in buildings rely on electrification, but meeting the heat demand peaks in the winter can be challenging, particularly when wind and solar resources are low. This paper examines how to mitigate space heating demand peaks most cost-effectively in a top-down, sector-coupled model with carbon dioxide emissions constraint to be net-zero. It introduces the first model that co-optimises both supply and efficiency simultaneously including all European countries with hourly resolution. The competition between technologies to address these heating peaks, namely building retrofitting, thermal energy storage and individual hybrid heat pumps with backup gas boilers is examined. A novel thought experiment demonstrates that the level of building renovation is driven by the strong seasonal heat peaks, rather than the overall energy consumption. If all three instruments are applied, total costs are reduced by up to 17%. Building renovation enables the largest benefit with cost savings of up to 14% and allows individual gas boilers to be removed from the energy system without significant higher costs.
