论文标题
动机推理中的性别差异
Gender Differences in Motivated Reasoning
论文作者
论文摘要
男人和女人在与他人相对于他人的表现方面的信念有系统地差异。特别是，男人往往更加自信。本文为对性别差异的过度自信，表现动机推理的性别差异提供了一种支持，在这种解释中，人们扭曲了他们如何以使他们相信自己胜过他人的方式处理新信息的方式。使用大型在线实验，我发现男性受试者以有利于其表现的方式扭曲信息处理，而女性受试者并没有系统地扭曲任何方向的信息处理。这些在性能动机推理中的性别差异模仿了过度自信的性别差异。男性受试者的信念在系统上过度自信，而女性受试者的信念平均得到了很好的校准。该实验还包括政治问题，发现男性和女人的政治动机推理都是相似的。这些结果表明，尽管男人和女人都容易受到积极推理的影响，但人们认为他们认为自己胜过他人特别有吸引力。
Men and women systematically differ in their beliefs about their performance relative to others; in particular, men tend to be more overconfident. This paper provides support for one explanation for gender differences in overconfidence, performance-motivated reasoning, in which people distort how they process new information in ways that make them believe they outperformed others. Using a large online experiment, I find that male subjects distort information processing in ways that favor their performance, while female subjects do not systematically distort information processing in either direction. These statistically-significant gender differences in performance-motivated reasoning mimic gender differences in overconfidence; beliefs of male subjects are systematically overconfident, while beliefs of female subjects are well-calibrated on average. The experiment also includes political questions, and finds that politically-motivated reasoning is similar for both men and women. These results suggest that, while men and women are both susceptible to motivated reasoning in general, men find it particularly attractive to believe that they outperformed others.
