论文标题
干涉量子场理论的海森堡图片，现实的局部要素
Interference in the Heisenberg Picture of Quantum Field Theory, Local Elements of Reality and Fermions
论文作者
论文摘要
我们使用Heisenberg图片描述了Mach-Zehnder干涉仪中单个光子的量子干扰。我们的目的是表明该描述是局部的，就像在经典电磁场的情况下一样，唯一的区别在于，在量子情况下，电气和磁场是操作员（量子可观察）。然后，我们考虑单电子马赫德尔干涉仪，并在这种情况下解释适当的海森堡图片处理。有趣的是，平价超选择统治迫使我们对光子的对待不同。但是，仅使用不同费米模式的局部量子可观察到的模型，例如当前的操作员，仍然可行地描述相习得。我们讨论了如何将这种局部分析扩展到与海森伯格图片中所述的量子电动力学相同局部形式主义中耦合的费米和骨气场。
We describe the quantum interference of a single photon in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer using the Heisenberg picture. Our purpose is to show that the description is local just like in the case of the classical electromagnetic field, the only difference being that the electric and the magnetic fields are, in the quantum case, operators (quantum observables). We then consider a single-electron Mach-Zehnder interferometer and explain what the appropriate Heisenberg picture treatment is in this case. Interestingly, the parity superselection rule forces us to treat the electron differently to the photon. A model using only local quantum observables of different fermionic modes, such as the current operator, is nevertheless still viable to describe phase acquisition. We discuss how to extend this local analysis to coupled fermionic and bosonic fields within the same local formalism of quantum electrodynamics as formulated in the Heisenberg picture.
