论文标题

通过ORR机制在准二维边界层中通过ORR机制进行湍流的亚临界途径

Subcritical route to turbulence via the Orr mechanism in a quasi-two-dimensional boundary layer

论文作者

Camobreco, Christopher J., Pothérat, Alban, Sheard, Gregory J.

论文摘要

该手稿的在线摘要的链接,在物理中接受。 Fluids Rev.是https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/accepted/32074S4AH8B1C608E19768B42571F9001086A3F44。 通过数值研究了由纯粹的两维机制进行湍流的亚临界途径,对于由孤立的指数边界层组成的准二维系统,经过数值研究。指数边界层是高度稳定的,预计将在磁性约束融合反应器中的液体金属冷却液管的壁上形成。仅在弱亚临界雷诺数的数字(最多低于关键的70 $%)下检测到亚临界过渡。此外,过渡的可能性对扰动结构和初始能量都非常敏感。只有通过线性或非线性优化实现的准三维的Tollmien-Schlichting波扰动才能通过ORR机制启动过渡过程。发现足以触发过渡的较低的初始能量与域的长度无关。但是,较长的域能够通过融合Tollmien-Schlichting波的重复来增加上限结合。这扩大了能够表现出过渡行为的初始能量的范围。尽管观察到了所有湍流状态的最终重新素化,但在更长的域也大大延迟了这一点。所获得的最大非线性收益是比最大线性增益大的数量级(具有相同的初始扰动),无论初始能量是高于还是低于较低能量的较低能量。非线性通过常规Tollmien-Schlichting波结构的拱门提供了能量生长的第二阶段。也形成了能够有效储存扰动能量的流向独立结构。

The link to the online abstract of this manuscript, accepted in Phys. Rev. Fluids, is https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/accepted/32074S4aH8b1c608e19768b42571f9001086a3f44. A subcritical route to turbulence via purely quasi-two-dimensional mechanisms, for a quasi-two-dimensional system composed of an isolated exponential boundary layer, is numerically investigated. Exponential boundary layers are highly stable, and are expected to form on the walls of liquid metal coolant ducts within magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Subcritical transitions were detected only at weakly subcritical Reynolds numbers (at most $\approx 70$% below critical). Furthermore, the likelihood of transition was very sensitive to both the perturbation structure and initial energy. Only the quasi-two-dimensional Tollmien-Schlichting wave disturbance, attained by either linear or nonlinear optimisation, was able to initiate the transition process, by means of the Orr mechanism. The lower initial energy bound sufficient to trigger transition was found to be independent of the domain length. However, longer domains were able to increase the upper energy bound, via the merging of repetitions of the Tollmien-Schlichting wave. This broadens the range of initial energies able to exhibit transitional behaviour. Although the eventual relaminarization of all turbulent states was observed, this was also greatly delayed in longer domains. The maximum nonlinear gains achieved were orders of magnitude larger than the maximum linear gains (with the same initial perturbations), regardless if the initial energy was above or below the lower energy bound. Nonlinearity provided a second stage of energy growth by an arching of the conventional Tollmien-Schlichting wave structure. A streamwise independent structure, able to efficiently store perturbation energy, also formed.

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