论文标题
混合古典量子动力学中的客观轨迹
Objective trajectories in hybrid classical-quantum dynamics
论文作者
论文摘要
只要它是随机的,就存在经典和量子自由度的一致动力学。这种动力学在混合状态下是线性的,完全积极和痕迹保存。其中一种应用是研究时空上量子场的后反应,而量子场不受半古典方程的病理影响。在这里,我们介绍了几种玩具模型,其中研究了混合经典量词的演化,包括一个与粒子相关的量子,以及与经典的量子谐波振荡器相连的量子谐波振荡器。我们提出了一种计算动力学的解开方法,并提供代码以数值模拟它。与纯粹的量子情况不同,这种拆卸的轨迹(或历史)可能是独特的,以经典的自由度为条件,以实现动态的离散自由度,而经典自由度的不同跳跃则伴随着量子系统对量子系统的独特操作员的作用。结果,不需要``测量''量子理论的``测量假设'';量子系统变得古典,因为它们与基本古典领域相互作用。
Consistent dynamics which couples classical and quantum degrees of freedom exists, provided it is stochastic. This dynamics is linear in the hybrid state, completely positive and trace preserving. One application of this is to study the back-reaction of quantum fields on space-time which does not suffer from the pathologies of the semi-classical equations. Here we introduce several toy models in which to study hybrid classical-quantum evolution, including a qubit coupled to a particle in a potential, and a quantum harmonic oscillator coupled to a classical one. We present an unravelling approach to calculate the dynamics, and provide code to numerically simulate it. Unlike the purely quantum case, the trajectories (or histories) of this unravelling can be unique, conditioned on the classical degrees of freedom for discrete realisations of the dynamics, when different jumps in the classical degrees of freedom are accompanied by the action of unique operators on the quantum system. As a result, the ``measurement postulate'' of quantum theory is not needed; quantum systems become classical because they interact with a fundamentally classical field.