论文标题
有限上下文切换与动态线程创建的复杂性
The complexity of bounded context switching with dynamic thread creation
论文作者
论文摘要
并发下降系统(DCPS)的动态网络是具有共享全局状态和线程动态创建的多线程递归程序的理论模型。 DCP的(全球)状态可达性问题通常是不可确定的,但Atig等人。 (2009年)表明,当每个线程仅限于固定数量的上下文开关时,它变得可确定,并且在2Expspace中。该问题最著名的下限是expspace-hard,当每个线程是有限状态机器并原子运行到完成时(即,不切换上下文)时,此下限已经遵循。在本文中,我们通过仅使用一个上下文开关显示状态可达性已经是2Expspace-Hard来缩小差距。有趣的是,在没有上下文开关的情况下以及具有任意上下文开关的有限状态线程中,状态可及性分析都在Expspace中。因此,递归线程与单个上下文开关一起提供了指数优势。 我们的证明技术对2Expspace-hardness结果具有独立的兴趣。我们介绍了换能器定义的培养皿网,这是Petri网的简洁表示,并且显示覆盖能力是该模型的2Expspace-Hard。为了显示2个Exps-hardness,我们通过Petri Nets介绍了Lipton对计数机的模拟版本,在此,网络程序可以使明确的递归过程调用到有界深度。
Dynamic networks of concurrent pushdown systems (DCPS) are a theoretical model for multi-threaded recursive programs with shared global state and dynamical creation of threads. The (global) state reachability problem for DCPS is undecidable in general, but Atig et al. (2009) showed that it becomes decidable, and is in 2EXPSPACE, when each thread is restricted to a fixed number of context switches. The best known lower bound for the problem is EXPSPACE-hard and this lower bound follows already when each thread is a finite-state machine and runs atomically to completion (i.e., does not switch contexts). In this paper, we close the gap by showing that state reachability is 2EXPSPACE-hard already with only one context switch. Interestingly, state reachability analysis is in EXPSPACE both for pushdown threads without context switches as well as for finite-state threads with arbitrary context switches. Thus, recursive threads together with a single context switch provide an exponential advantage. Our proof techniques are of independent interest for 2EXPSPACE-hardness results. We introduce transducer-defined Petri nets, a succinct representation for Petri nets, and show coverability is 2EXPSPACE-hard for this model. To show 2EXPSPACE-hardness, we present a modified version of Lipton's simulation of counter machines by Petri nets, where the net programs can make explicit recursive procedure calls up to a bounded depth.