论文标题
表征自主麦克斯韦恶魔
Characterizing autonomous Maxwell demons
论文作者
论文摘要
我们将自主麦克斯韦恶魔的传统实现与最近提出的相关线性设备区分开来，而不是依赖于测量和反馈控制的概念。在这两种情况下，电流似乎都在没有外部能量摄入的情况下朝着其自发方向（例如，通过热或电梯度施加）。但是，在后一种情况下，这种当前的反转可能仅显而易见。即使在系统及其储层之间交换的电流被倒（通过在系统和恶魔之间创建其他独立电流），这还不足以得出结论，即通过系统的原始电流已经倒置。我们表明，可以通过测量系统库电流的波动来局部揭示这种区别。
We distinguish traditional implementations of autonomous Maxwell demons from related linear devices that were recently proposed, not relying on the notions of measurements and feedback control. In both cases a current seems to flow against its spontaneous direction (imposed, e.g., by a thermal or electric gradient) without external energy intake. However, in the latter case, this current inversion may only be apparent. Even if the currents exchanged between a system and its reservoirs are inverted (by creating additional independent currents between system and demon), this is not enough to conclude that the original current through the system has been inverted. We show that this distinction can be revealed locally by measuring the fluctuations of the system-reservoir currents.
