论文标题
模拟多尺度封闭式现场发射器 - 一种混合方法
Simulating multiscale gated field emitters -- a hybrid approach
论文作者
论文摘要
由于Schottky猜想及其最近校正的对应物所预测的局部领域的乘法效应,多阶段阴极是现场发射的有希望的候选者[J. VAC。科学。技术。 B 38,023208(2020)]。由于长度尺度的变化很大,即使在由宏观基础和微观突出组成的2阶段化合物结构中,也需要重新审视封闭场发射化合物二极管的仿真方法。作为该策略的一部分,作者研究了顶点附近化合物发射极表面上局部场的变化,发现广义余弦定律继续在多规模封闭阴极的尖端附近局部保存。这用于在位置和速度组件中具有适当分布的电荷发出,并且仅了解顶点处的电场。分布与当代自由电子场发射模型一致,并从发射角,总能量和正常能量的联合分布遵循。对于具有局部字段增强的化合物几何形状,使用了约1000倍的倍数,其中使用混合模型,其中使用COMSOL计算的真空场将导入到实现发射模块的粒子中的粒子码Pasupat中。使用具有“开放静电边界”条件的截短几何形状,将空间电荷效应纳入Pasupat的多尺度适应中。空间电荷场与真空场结合使用,用于粒子发射和跟踪。
Multi-stage cathodes are promising candidates for field emission due to the multiplicative effect in local field predicted by the Schottky conjecture and its recent corrected counterpart [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 38, 023208 (2020)]. Due to the large variation in length scales even in a 2-stage compound structure consisting of a macroscopic base and a microscopic protrusion, the simulation methodology of a gated field emitting compound diode needs to be revisited. As part of this strategy, the authors investigate the variation of local field on the surface of a compound emitter near its apex and find that the generalized cosine law continues to hold locally near the tip of a multi-scale gated cathode. This is used to emit charges with appropriate distributions in position and velocity components with a knowledge of only the electric field at the apex. The distributions are consistent with contemporary free-electron field emission model and follow from the joint distribution of launch angle, total energy, and normal energy. For a compound geometry with local field enhancement by a factor of around 1000, a hybrid model is used where the vacuum field calculated using COMSOL is imported into the Particle-In-Cell code PASUPAT where the emission module is implemented. Space charge effects are incorporated in a multi-scale adaptation of PASUPAT using a truncated geometry with `open electrostatic boundary' condition. The space charge field, combined with the vacuum field, is used for particle-emission and tracking.