论文标题

落入线性分层流体中的反应性球形粒子的动力学

Dynamics of a reactive spherical particle falling in a linearly stratified fluid

论文作者

Huguet, Ludovic, Barge-Zwick, Victor, Bars, Michael Le

论文摘要

在众多地球物理应用的激励中,我们在分层环境中,在大型雷诺($ re $ $)和弗洛德数字的状态下进行了反应性(即熔化)固体球的实验室实验。我们将结果与在同一制度中的非反应性领域进行比较。首先,我们确认$ re $的较大值,先前观察到的低和中等RE的分层阻力增强(Magnaudet和Mercier,2020)。由于熔化,我们还表现出更大的阻力增强,比分层引起的大的阻力更大。我们认为,这两种增强功能的机制都是相似的,这是由于浮力效应和相关的斜压曲子的涡度场设置的特定结构,如Zhang等人的分层。 (2019)。然后,我们使用粒子图像实质法表征了由球体效果产生的内部波场的长期演变(时间$ t \ gg 1/n $,带有$ n $brünt-väisälä的频率)。反应性球和惰性球的测量波场都是相似的:实际上,每个球体跌落在时间和水平方向上都是准冲动的能量来源,因为下降时间(supp。spheregrop。球半径)远小于$ n $(比储罐宽度)。内部重力波是通过在广阔光谱上唤醒湍流产生的,其阻尼成分处于BRünt-Väisälälälä频率和最大的可允许的水平波长。每个球体的初始势能的约1%被转换为内波中的动能,在探索范围内没有明显依赖弗洛德数。

Motivated by numerous geophysical applications, we have carried out laboratory experiments of a reactive (i.e. melting) solid sphere freely falling by gravity in a stratified environment, in the regime of large Reynolds ($Re$) and Froude numbers. We compare our results to non-reactive spheres in the same regime. First, we confirm for larger values of $Re$, the stratification drag enhancement previously observed for low and moderate Re (Magnaudet and Mercier, 2020). We also show an even more significant drag enhancement due to melting, much larger than the stratification-induced one. We argue that the mechanism for both enhancements is similar, due to the specific structure of the vorticity field sets by buoyancy effects and associated baroclinic torques, as deciphered for stratification by Zhang et al. (2019). Using particle image velocimetry, we then characterize the long-term evolution (at time $t \gg 1/N$ with $N$ the Brünt-Väisälä frequency) of the internal wave field generated by the wake of the spheres. Measured wave field is similar for both reactive and inert spheres: indeed, each sphere fall might be considered as a quasi impulsive source of energy in time and the horizontal direction, as the falling time (resp. the sphere radius) is much smaller than $N$ (resp. than the tank width). Internal gravity waves are generated by wake turbulence over a broad spectrum, with the least damped component being at the Brünt-Väisälä frequency and the largest admissible horizontal wavelength. About 1% of the initial potential energy of each sphere is converted in to kinetic energy in the internal waves, with no significant dependence on the Froude number over the explored range.

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