论文标题
使用新型深度体系结构在WiFi中的无线定位
Wireless Localisation in WiFi using Novel Deep Architectures
论文作者
论文摘要
本文研究了基于商品芯片组和标准通道的室内室内定位。首先,我们提出了一个新颖的浅神经网络(SNN),其中从通道状态信息(CSI)中提取了与在不同天线上接收的WiFi子载波并用于训练模型的通道状态信息(CSI)。该本地化神经网络的单层体系结构使其在设备上轻巧且易于放置,并在计算资源上限制了严格的限制。我们进一步调查了本地化的深度学习模型,并设计了卷积神经网络(CNN)和长期术语记忆(LSTM)的新型体系结构。我们广泛评估了这些本地化算法,以在室内环境中进行连续跟踪。实验结果证明,即使在仔细手工制作的特征提取后,即使是SNN模型也可以实现准确的定位。同时,使用良好的架构,可以直接使用CSI的原始数据对神经网络模型进行训练,并且可以自动提取本地化功能以实现准确的位置估计。我们还发现,基于神经网络的方法的性能直接受锚访问点(AP)的影响,无论其结构如何。使用三个AP,本文提出的所有神经网络模型都可以获得约0.5米的定位精度。此外,与使用测试台中收集的数据相比,提出的深入NN体系结构将数据预处理时间减少了6.5小时。在部署阶段,推理时间也显着降低至每个样品的0.1 ms。我们还通过对训练的模型进行不同的目标运动特征来评估模型,从而证明了所提出的方法的概括能力。
This paper studies the indoor localisation of WiFi devices based on a commodity chipset and standard channel sounding. First, we present a novel shallow neural network (SNN) in which features are extracted from the channel state information (CSI) corresponding to WiFi subcarriers received on different antennas and used to train the model. The single-layer architecture of this localisation neural network makes it lightweight and easy-to-deploy on devices with stringent constraints on computational resources. We further investigate for localisation the use of deep learning models and design novel architectures for convolutional neural network (CNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM). We extensively evaluate these localisation algorithms for continuous tracking in indoor environments. Experimental results prove that even an SNN model, after a careful handcrafted feature extraction, can achieve accurate localisation. Meanwhile, using a well-organised architecture, the neural network models can be trained directly with raw data from the CSI and localisation features can be automatically extracted to achieve accurate position estimates. We also found that the performance of neural network-based methods are directly affected by the number of anchor access points (APs) regardless of their structure. With three APs, all neural network models proposed in this paper can obtain localisation accuracy of around 0.5 metres. In addition the proposed deep NN architecture reduces the data pre-processing time by 6.5 hours compared with a shallow NN using the data collected in our testbed. In the deployment phase, the inference time is also significantly reduced to 0.1 ms per sample. We also demonstrate the generalisation capability of the proposed method by evaluating models using different target movement characteristics to the ones in which they were trained.