论文标题
太阳能颗粒（第二版）
Solar Energetic Particles (Second Edition)
论文作者
论文摘要
在散布着太阳的美丽图像的田野中，太阳能粒子（SEP）事件是一种隐藏的资产，也许是一种秘密武器，可以采样太阳电晕并带走其最奇怪和最暴力的物理学的独特烙印。直到最近，我们才发现SEP中的元素的丰富性不仅具有大量数据，这不仅是根据其自身的加速和历史，而且是基于其来源的血浆温度以及Corona本身的起源的方面。 SEP是阳光下不同能量爆发的切实产物。他们处于极端状态。 Little "impulsive" SEP events from magnetic reconnection in solar jets (also in flares), have most unusual 1000-fold resonant enhancements of 3He and of heavy elements like Au or Pb, while large "gradual" SEP events accelerated at shock waves driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), sample the composition of the corona itself, but also accelerate GeV protons that threaten Mars-bound具有危险辐射的宇航员。直接的SEP测量和太阳图像提供了有关太阳高能物理学的免费“多通信”数据。
In a field overflowing with beautiful images of the Sun, solar energetic particle (SEP) events are a hidden asset, perhaps a secret weapon, that can sample the solar corona and carry away unique imprints of its most bizarre and violent physics. Only recently have we found that the abundances of the elements in SEPs carry a wealth of data, not only on their own acceleration and history, but on plasma temperatures at their source, and on aspects of the genesis of the corona itself. SEPs are the tangible product of differing energetic outbursts at the Sun. They come in extremes. Little "impulsive" SEP events from magnetic reconnection in solar jets (also in flares), have most unusual 1000-fold resonant enhancements of 3He and of heavy elements like Au or Pb, while large "gradual" SEP events accelerated at shock waves driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), sample the composition of the corona itself, but also accelerate GeV protons that threaten Mars-bound astronauts with hazardous radiation. Direct SEP measurements plus solar images provide complimentary, "multi-messenger" data on high-energy physics at the Sun.
