论文标题
晶格量规理论中的量规违反量子相变
Gauge-Symmetry Violation Quantum Phase Transition in Lattice Gauge Theories
论文作者
论文摘要
仪表对称性在我们对亚原子物质的描述中起着关键作用。消失的光子质量，长期的库仑定律和渐近自由都是由于规范不变性所致。近年来，在工程量子模拟器中量规理论的显微镜重建中，诱人的进展。然而，其中许多人受到一个基本问题的困扰：当量规对称性仅在量子设备中近似时，我们实际上是量子拟合量规理论吗？在这里，我们以类似于量子电动力学的范式理论的肯定问题回答了这个问题。在分析上，我们得出了至少指数准确的重新归一化量规对称性。此外，从数值计算热力学极限中的相图时，我们发现仪表理论的长距离行为仅在达到尖锐的量子相变时才会损害。这种行为是通过能量惩罚术语来实现的，该罚款为巨大的玻色子提供了质量，使玻色子一致地破坏了夫妻。我们的结果不仅对正在进行的规定量子模拟有效性，而且还探讨了仪表对称性如何在自然界中出现的基本问题。
Gauge symmetry plays a key role in our description of subatomic matter. The vanishing photon mass, the long-ranged Coulomb law, and asymptotic freedom are all due to gauge invariance. Recent years have seen tantalizing progress in the microscopic reconstruction of gauge theories in engineered quantum simulators. Yet, many of these are plagued by a fundamental question: When gauge symmetry is only approximate in the quantum device, do we actually quantum-simulate a gauge theory? Here, we answer this question in the affirmative for a paradigm gauge theory akin to quantum electrodynamics. Analytically, we derive a renormalized gauge symmetry that is at least exponentially accurate. Further, numerically computing the phase diagram in the thermodynamic limit, we find that the long-distance behavior of the gauge theory is only compromised upon reaching a sharp quantum phase transition. This behavior is enabled by an energy penalty term, which lends a mass to the Higgs boson to which the coherent gauge breaking couples. Our results not only lend validity to ongoing gauge-theory quantum simulations, they also probe the fundamental question of how gauge symmetry could emerge in nature.
