论文标题
集成控制在软件定义的车载网络中流动及其对网络安全的影响的策略
Strategies for Integrating Controls Flows in Software-Defined In-Vehicle Networks and Their Impact on Network Security
论文作者
论文摘要
当前的车载网络(IVN)通过域总线连接电子控制单元(ECU)。网关向这些域之间的消息转发。汽车以太网是IVN的平坦,高速骨干技术,它具有以太网框架内各种控制流。最近,软件定义的网络工作(SDN)已被确定为车辆域的有用构建块,因为它允许基于所有标头字段的数据包进行区分,因此可以隔离不相关的控制流量。在这项工作中,我们系统地探讨了在交换以太网络中集成汽车控制流的不同策略,并分析了其对软件定义的IVN的安全影响。我们讨论如何将控制流识别仪嵌入不同的层中,从而产生从完全暴露的嵌入到深层封装的一系列解决方案。我们根据生产级工具的通信矩阵在现实的IVN中评估这些策略,并将其映射到现代的以太网拓扑结构中。我们发现,数据包标头中汽车控制流的可见性对于网络基础架构以实现隔离和访问控制至关重要。通过裸露的嵌入,SDN主链可以在IVN内建立和调查信任区域,并在很大程度上减少连接汽车的攻击表面。暴露的嵌入策略还可以最大程度地减少通信费用。
Current In-Vehicle Networks (IVNs) connect Electronic Control Units (ECUs) via domain busses. A gateway forwards messages between these domains. Automotive Ethernet emerges as a flat, high-speed backbone technology for IVNs that carries the various control flows within Ethernet frames. Recently, Software-Defined-Networking (SDN) has been identified as a useful building block of the vehicular domain, as it allows the differentiation of packets based on all header fields and thus can isolate unrelated control flows. In this work, we systematically explore the different strategies for integrating automotive control flows in switched Ether-networks and analyze their security impact for a software-defined IVN. We discuss how control flow identifiers can be embedded on different layers resulting in a range of solutions from fully exposed embedding to deep encapsulation. We evaluate these strategies in a realistic IVN based on the communication matrix of a production grade vehicle, which we map into a modern Ethernet topology. We find that visibility of automotive control flows within packet headers is essential for the network infrastructure to enable isolation and access control. With an exposed embedding, the SDN backbone can establish and survey trust zones within the IVN and largely reduce the attack surface of connected cars. An exposed embedding strategy also minimizes communication expenses.