SRG上的Erosita X射线望远镜

论文标题

SRG上的Erosita X射线望远镜

The eROSITA X-ray telescope on SRG

论文作者

Predehl, P., Andritschke, R., Arefiev, V., Babyshkin, V., Batanov, O., Becker, W., Böhringer, H., Bogomolov, A., Boller, T., Borm, K., Bornemann, W., Bräuninger, H., Brüggen, M., Brunner, H., Brusa, M., Bulbul, E., Buntov, M., Burwitz, V., Burkert, W., Clerc, N., Churazov, E., Coutinho, D., Dauser, T., Dennerl, K., Doroshenko, V., Eder, J., Emberger, V., Eraerds, T., Finoguenov, A., Freyberg, M., Friedrich, P., Friedrich, S., Fürmetz, M., Georgakakis, A., Gilfanov, M., Granato, S., Grossberger, C., Gueguen, A., Gureev, P., Haberl, F., Hälker, O., Hartner, G., Hasinger, G., Huber, H., Ji, L., Kienlin, A. v., Kink, W., Korotkov, F., Kreykenbohm, I., Lamer, G., Lomakin, I., Lapshov, I., Liu, T., Maitra, C., Meidinger, N., Menz, B., Merloni, A., Mernik, T., Mican, B., Mohr, J., Müller, S., Nandra, K., Nazarov, V., Pacaud, F., Pavlinsky, M., Perinati, E., Pfeffermann, E., Pietschner, D., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Rau, A., Reiffers, J., Reiprich, T. H., Robrade, J., Salvato, M., Sanders, J., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scheuerle, H., Schmid, C., Schmitt, J., Schwope, A., Shirshakov, A., Steinmetz, M., Stewart, I., Strüder, L., Sunyaev, R., Tenzer, C., Tiedemann, L., Trümper, J., Voron, V., Weber, P., Wilms, J., Yaroshenko, V.

论文摘要

Erosita（带有成像望远镜阵列的Roentgen调查）是Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma（SRG）任务的主要工具，该工具于2019年7月13日从Baikonour Cosmodrome成功推出。在仪器进行调试以及随后的校准和性能验证阶段之后，Erosita于2019年12月13日开始对整个天空进行调查。到2023年底，将进行八次对天体球体的完整扫描，每个扫描持续六个月。在该计划的结尾，软X射线频带（0.2---2.3 \，KEV）中的Erosita All-Sky调查的敏感性将比Rosat All-Sky调查高25倍，而在硬带（2.3----8 \，Kev）中，它将提供有史以来的第一个真实成像调查。 EROSITA设计驱动科学是检测大型星系簇的样本，直至红移$ z> 1 $，以研究宇宙的大规模结构和测试包括深色能量在内的宇宙学模型。此外，预计Erosita将产生几百万个AGN的样本，包括模糊的物体，从而彻底改变了我们对超大质量黑洞的演变的看法。该调查还将为各种天体物理现象提供新的见解，包括X射线二进制物，活性恒星和银河系中的弥漫性发射。从这里提出的一些早期观察结果，证实该工具的表现能够实现其科学的承诺。在本文中，我们的目标是对仪器进行简洁的描述，其在地面上测量的性能，其在太空中的运行以及轨未内测量结果的第一个结果。

eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) is the primary instrument on the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission, which was successfully launched on July 13, 2019, from the Baikonour cosmodrome. After the commissioning of the instrument and a subsequent calibration and performance verification phase, eROSITA started a survey of the entire sky on December 13, 2019. By the end of 2023, eight complete scans of the celestial sphere will have been performed, each lasting six months. At the end of this program, the eROSITA all-sky survey in the soft X-ray band (0.2--2.3\,keV) will be about 25 times more sensitive than the ROSAT All-Sky Survey, while in the hard band (2.3--8\,keV) it will provide the first ever true imaging survey of the sky. The eROSITA design driving science is the detection of large samples of galaxy clusters up to redshifts $z>1$ in order to study the large-scale structure of the universe and test cosmological models including Dark Energy. In addition, eROSITA is expected to yield a sample of a few million AGNs, including obscured objects, revolutionizing our view of the evolution of supermassive black holes. The survey will also provide new insights into a wide range of astrophysical phenomena, including X-ray binaries, active stars, and diffuse emission within the Galaxy. Results from early observations, some of which are presented here, confirm that the performance of the instrument is able to fulfil its scientific promise. With this paper, we aim to give a concise description of the instrument, its performance as measured on ground, its operation in space, and also the first results from in-orbit measurements.

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