论文标题
在标准模型的两个复杂标量扩展中，来自域壁的重力波和强的一阶相变
Gravitational Wave Signatures from Domain Wall and Strong First-Order Phase Transitions in a Two Complex Scalar extension of the Standard Model
论文作者
论文摘要
我们通过添加两个具有$ \ rm {u} \ left（1 \右）$对称的复杂单元标量标量来考虑标准模型的简单扩展。一个离散的$ \ MATHCAL {Z} _2 \ times \ Mathcal {z}^{\ prime} _2 $ symmetry在模型中施加，而添加的标量在施加的对称性被自发地破裂时获得了非零的真空期望值（VEV）。复杂标量的实际（CP甚至CP）与SM HigG混合，并给出三个物理质量本征。这些物理质量本态之一归因于SM，例如Higgs Boson，质量为125.09 GEV。在当前情况下，由于离散$ \ MATHCAL {Z} _2 \ times \ Mathcal {Z}^{\ prime} _2 $对称性，在早期宇宙中形成了域墙。为了确保域壁的不稳定，该离散对称性也通过向拉格朗日添加偏置潜力明确破坏。不稳定的歼灭域壁产生大量的重力波（GWS）。此外，我们还探索了强大的一阶相变产生GW发射的可能性。我们计算出每个此类引力波的强度和频率，源自早期宇宙的两个不同现象，即歼灭域壁和强大的一阶相变。最后，我们研究了未来GW探测器的观察性特征，例如Alia，BBO，Decigo，Lisa，Tianqin，Tianqin，Tianqin，Tianqi，Aligo，Aligo，Aligo+和Pulsar时机阵列，例如SKA，IPTA，IPTA，EPTA，EPTA，EPTA，PPTA，PPTA，NANOGRAV11和NANOGRAV11和NANANGRAV12。5。
We consider a simple extension of Standard Model by adding two complex singlet scalars with a $\rm{U}\left(1\right)$ symmetry. A discrete $\mathcal{Z}_2 \times \mathcal{Z}^{\prime}_2$ symmetry is imposed in the model and the added scalars acquire a non zero vacuum expectation value (VEV) when the imposed symmetry is broken spontaneously. The real (CP even) parts of the complex scalars mix with the SM Higgs and give three physical mass eigenstates. One of these physical mass eigenstates is attributed to the SM like Higgs boson with mass 125.09 GeV. In the present scenario, domain walls are formed in the early Universe due to the breaking of discrete $\mathcal{Z}_2 \times \mathcal{Z}^{\prime}_2$ symmetry. In order to ensure the unstability of the domain wall this discrete symmetry is also explicitly broken by adding a bias potential to the Lagrangian. The unstable annihilating domain walls produce a significant amount of gravitational waves (GWs). In addition, we also explore the possibility of the production of GW emission from the strong first-order phase transition. We calculate the intensities and frequencies of each of such gravitational waves originating from two different phenomena of the early Universe namely annihilating domain walls and strong first-order phase transition. Finally, we investigate the observational signatures from these GWs at the future GW detectors such as ALIA, BBO, DECIGO, LISA, TianQin, Taiji, aLIGO, aLIGO+ and pulsar timing arrays such as SKA, IPTA, EPTA, PPTA, NANOGrav11 and NANOGrav12.5.
