论文标题
在不断变化的环境中群体差异的演变
The evolution of group differences in changing environments
论文作者
论文摘要
塑造人类复杂性状演变的选择压力在很大程度上是未知的，并且在某些情况下高度争议，也许最重要的是，他们关注的是群体之间的特征差异。迄今为止，讨论集中在此类群体差异是否具有任何遗传基础上，如果是这样，是否没有适应性后果并通过随机遗传漂移而产生，或者是否是由在不同环境中选择不同性状Optima的选择驱动的。在这里，我们强调了一个合理的选择，即面对环境效应，许多复杂的特征在稳定选择下发展。在这种情况下，即使特征最佳保持相同，在基因座的基因座中也会迅速发展。这些考虑强调了关于环境影响的强烈假设，这些假设将群体之间的性状差异归因于遗传差异所必需的。
The selection pressures that have shaped the evolution of complex traits in humans remain largely unknown, and in some contexts highly contentious, perhaps above all where they concern mean trait differences among groups. To date, the discussion has focused on whether such group differences have any genetic basis, and if so, whether they are without fitness consequences and arose via random genetic drift, or whether they were driven by selection for different trait optima in different environments. Here, we highlight a plausible alternative, that many complex traits evolve under stabilizing selection in the face of shifting environmental effects. Under this scenario, there will be rapid evolution at the loci that contribute to trait variation, even when the trait optimum remains the same. These considerations underscore the strong assumptions about environmental effects that are required in ascribing trait differences among groups to genetic differences.
