论文标题

从被动伽马排放断层扫描(PGT)的燃油杆分类

Fuel rod classification from Passive Gamma Emission Tomography (PGET) of spent nuclear fuel assemblies

论文作者

Virta, Riina, Backholm, Rasmus, Bubba, Tatiana A., Helin, Tapio, Moring, Mikael, Siltanen, Samuli, Dendooven, Peter, Honkamaa, Tapani

论文摘要

维护在地质存储库中处理用过的核燃料的处置需要有效,有效,可靠和健壮的非破坏性测定(NDA)系统,以确保处置前燃料的完整性。在芬兰地质存储库的背景下,被动伽玛发射断层扫描(PGET)将成为这种NDA系统的一部分。我们在这里报告了2017 - 2020年期间芬兰核电站的PGET测量结果。通过将检测器阵列围绕已插入到圆环中心的燃料组件上,从各个角度记录了伽马活性曲线。来自结果的层析成像数据的图像重建定义为具有数据保真度项和正则化项的约束最小化问题。活动和衰减图以及检测器敏感性校正是最小化过程中的变量。正规化条款确保考虑了有关燃料杆及其直径(可能的)位置的事先信息。燃油杆分类是PGET方法的主要目的,是基于燃料棒与其直接邻居的活动的差异,考虑到其与装配中心的距离。分类由支持向量机进行。我们报告了十种不同燃料类型的结果,燃烧在5.72至55.0 GWD/TU之间,冷却时间在1.87至​​34.6岁之间,初始富集在1.9%至4.4%之间。对于所有测量的燃料组件,正确分类的燃油棒,部分燃料棒和水通道。可燃烧的吸收燃料棒被归类为燃料棒。在极少数情况下,存在的燃料棒被错误地归类为缺失。我们得出的结论是,PGET设备和图像重建方法的组合为燃油杆分类提供了可靠的基础。

Safeguarding the disposal of spent nuclear fuel in a geological repository needs an effective, efficient, reliable and robust non-destructive assay (NDA) system to ensure the integrity of the fuel prior to disposal. In the context of the Finnish geological repository, Passive Gamma Emission Tomography (PGET) will be a part of such an NDA system. We report here on the results of PGET measurements at the Finnish nuclear power plants during the years 2017-2020. Gamma activity profiles are recorded from all angles by rotating the detector arrays around the fuel assembly that has been inserted into the center of the torus. Image reconstruction from the resulting tomographic data is defined as a constrained minimization problem with a data fidelity term and regularization terms. The activity and attenuation maps, as well as detector sensitivity corrections, are the variables in the minimization process. The regularization terms ensure that prior information on the (possible) locations of fuel rods and their diameter are taken into account. Fuel rod classification, the main purpose of the PGET method, is based on the difference of the activity of a fuel rod from its immediate neighbors, taking into account its distance from the assembly center. The classification is carried out by a support vector machine. We report on the results for ten different fuel types with burnups between 5.72 and 55.0 GWd/tU, cooling times between 1.87 and 34.6 years and initial enrichments between 1.9 and 4.4%. For all fuel assemblies measured, missing fuel rods, partial fuel rods and water channels were correctly classified. Burnable absorber fuel rods were classified as fuel rods. On rare occasions, a fuel rod that is present was falsely classified as missing. We conclude that the combination of the PGET device and our image reconstruction method provides a reliable base for fuel rod classification.

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