论文标题
引入Newhorizon模拟：跨宇宙时间的内部动力学的星系属性
Introducing the NewHorizon simulation: Galaxy properties with resolved internal dynamics across cosmic time
论文作者
论文摘要
流体动力学宇宙学模拟通过考虑更多的物理过程并具有更大的分辨率或更大的统计数据来提高其现实主义水平。但是，通常牺牲此类模拟的统计能力或在星系内达到的分辨率。在这里，我们介绍了Newhorizon项目，在该项目中，我们以高分辨率模拟了$ \ sim（16 \，\ rm mpc）^3 $的缩放区域，该区域比单个光环周围的标准缩放区域大，并嵌入在较大的盒子中。在星系中达到了高达34 pc的分辨率；这使模拟可以捕获星际介质的多相性质以及星系中星形形成过程的块状性质。 In this introductory paper, we present several key fundamental properties of galaxies and their black holes, including the galaxy mass function, cosmic star formation rate, galactic metallicities, the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation, the stellar-to-halo mass relation, galaxy sizes, stellar kinematics and morphology, gas content within galaxies and its kinematics, and the black hole mass and spin properties 随着时间的推移。 Newhorizon广泛地再现了各种比例关系，并且与标准可观察物有所不同。由于其精美的空间分辨率，Newhorizon捕获了星系中星系中恒星形成效率低下的过程，随着时间的流逝，它从更动荡，富含气体和恒星在高红移时爆发。这些高红移星系也更紧凑，它们更椭圆形和块状，直到内部燃气湍流水平足够衰减以允许形成圆盘为止。 Newhorizon仿真可在低到中级恒星质量上访问广泛的星系形成和进化物理学，这是一个政权，可以通过LSST等调查在不久的将来访问。
Hydrodynamical cosmological simulations are increasing their level of realism by considering more physical processes and having greater resolution or larger statistics. However, usually either the statistical power of such simulations or the resolution reached within galaxies are sacrificed. Here, we introduce the NewHorizon project in which we simulate at high resolution a zoom-in region of $\sim(16\,\rm Mpc)^3$ that is larger than a standard zoom-in region around a single halo and is embedded in a larger box. A resolution of up to 34 pc is reached within galaxies; this allows the simulation to capture the multi-phase nature of the interstellar medium and the clumpy nature of the star formation process in galaxies. In this introductory paper, we present several key fundamental properties of galaxies and their black holes, including the galaxy mass function, cosmic star formation rate, galactic metallicities, the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation, the stellar-to-halo mass relation, galaxy sizes, stellar kinematics and morphology, gas content within galaxies and its kinematics, and the black hole mass and spin properties over time. The various scaling relations are broadly reproduced by NewHorizon with some differences with the standard observables. Owing to its exquisite spatial resolution, NewHorizon captures the inefficient process of star formation in galaxies, which evolve over time from being more turbulent, gas rich, and star bursting at high redshift. These high-redshift galaxies are also more compact, and they are more elliptical and clumpier until the level of internal gas turbulence decays enough to allow for the formation of discs. The NewHorizon simulation gives access to a broad range of galaxy formation and evolution physics at low-to-intermediate stellar masses, which is a regime that will become accessible in the near future through surveys such as the LSST.
