论文标题
多个系统中的层次黑洞合并:限制GW190412,GW190814和GW190521类似事件的形成
Hierarchical Black-Hole Mergers in Multiple Systems: Constrain the Formation of GW190412, GW190814 and GW190521-like events
论文作者
论文摘要
从第三个Ligo/pirgo观察跑步中合并了黑洞(BH)二进制物GW190412,GW190814和GW190521,具有一些非凡的特性,包括高度不对称的质量,“质量差距”中的显着自旋和成分质量。如果二进制的一个或两个组件是以前的合并的残余,则可以解释这些功能。在本文中,我们考虑了每个组件上超新星爆炸(SN)以及合并残留物收到的合并踢,探讨了多个恒星系统中的层次合并。在SNE和踢球中幸存下来的二进制文件通常具有太宽的轨道分离,无法自行合并,但可以借助外部伴侣合并,从而导致Lidov-Kozai的振荡。由第二代BHS组成的BH二进制文件也可以通过二进制相互作用组装在密集的恒星簇中。我们通过分析方法中的合并分数来表征这些BH二进制文件的参数空间。结合了幸存的二进制文件的分布,我们使用分析表述的第三次扰动强度进一步限制了外部伴侣的参数。我们发现,要生产三个Ligo/处女座O3事件,外部伴侣必须至少几百美元$ m_ \ odot $,并且落入了中间质量的BH和Supermassive BH范围。我们建议GW190412,GW190814和GW190521均可通过层次中的层次合并而产生,这可能是在核星团中,最终合并是由大量BH引起的。
The merging black-hole (BH) binaries GW190412, GW190814 and GW190521 from the third LIGO/VIRGO observing run exhibit some extraordinary properties, including highly asymmetric masses, significant spin, and component mass in the "mass gap". These features can be explained if one or both components of the binary are the remnants of previous mergers. In this paper, we explore hierarchical mergers in multiple stellar systems, taking into account the natal kick and mass loss due to the supernova explosion (SN) on each component, as well as the merger kick received by the merger remnant. The binaries that have survived the SNe and kicks generally have too wide orbital separations to merge by themselves, but can merge with the aid of an external companion that gives rise to Lidov-Kozai oscillations. The BH binaries that consist of second-generation BHs can also be assembled in dense star clusters through binary interactions. We characterize the parameter space of these BH binaries by merger fractions in an analytical approach. Combining the distributions of the survived binaries, we further constrain the parameters of the external companion, using the analytically formulated tertiary perturbation strength. We find that to produce the three LIGO/VIRGO O3 events, the external companions must be at least a few hundreds $M_\odot$, and fall in the intermediate-mass BH and supermassive BH range. We suggest that GW190412, GW190814 and GW190521 could all be produced via hierarchical mergers in multiples, likely in a nuclear star cluster, with the final merger induced by a massive BH.