论文标题
鼠标和猫在海鲜市场的共同爆发中是否缺少链接？
Are mouse and cat the missing link in the COVID-19 outbreaks in seafood markets?
论文作者
论文摘要
严重的急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-COV-2）病毒引起了新型冠状病毒疾病-2019（Covid-19）影响了整个世界。像SARS-COV和MERS-COV一样，SARS-COV-2被认为起源于蝙蝠，然后通过中间宿主传播到人类。识别中间寄主物种对于理解Covid-19的演化和传播机制至关重要。但是，确定哪些动物是中间宿主仍然是一个关键挑战。病毒宿主基因组相似性（HGS）是反映病毒对宿主的适应性的重要因素。 SARS-COV-2可能会保留有益突变以增加HG并逃避宿主免疫系统。这项研究调查了399个SARS-COV-2菌株和10种不同物种的HGSS，包括蝙蝠，小鼠，猫，猪，蛇，狗，狗，狗，鸡，鸡肉，人类和猴子。结果表明，SARS-COV-2和BAT之间的HG是最高的，其次是小鼠和CAT。人和猴子的HGS值最低。就遗传相似性而言，小鼠和猴子在蝙蝠和人之间的一半。此外，鉴于Covid-19爆发往往与现场家禽和海鲜市场有关，因此老鼠和猫在这些地方更可能是感染的来源。但是，需要更多的实验数据来确认小鼠和CAT是否为真正的中间宿主。这些发现表明，需要密切监测与人类生活密切相关的动物，尤其是那些高HG的动物。
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus caused the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) affecting the whole world. Like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 are thought to originate in bats and then spread to humans through intermediate hosts. Identifying intermediate host species is critical to understanding the evolution and transmission mechanisms of COVID-19. However, determining which animals are intermediate hosts remains a key challenge. Virus host-genome similarity (HGS) is an important factor that reflects the adaptability of virus to host. SARS-CoV-2 may retain beneficial mutations to increase HGS and evade the host immune system. This study investigated the HGSs between 399 SARS-CoV-2 strains and 10 hosts of different species, including bat, mouse, cat, swine, snake, dog, pangolin, chicken, human and monkey. The results showed that the HGS between SARS-CoV-2 and bat was the highest, followed by mouse and cat. Human and monkey had the lowest HGS values. In terms of genetic similarity, mouse and monkey are halfway between bat and human. Moreover, given that COVID-19 outbreaks tend to be associated with live poultry and seafood markets, mouse and cat are more likely sources of infection in these places. However, more experimental data are needed to confirm whether mouse and cat are true intermediate hosts. These findings suggest that animals closely related to human life, especially those with high HGS, need to be closely monitored.
