论文标题
实验粒子物理结果的可重复性和复制
Reproducibility and Replication of Experimental Particle Physics Results
论文作者
论文摘要
最近,人们关注科学结果的可复制性,导致科学家,统计学家和期刊编辑仔细研究其方法和发布标准。数十年来,实验粒子物理学家已经意识到了不可恢复研究的前体,并拥有许多保障措施,以确保已发布的结果尽可能可靠。实验需要大量的时间和精力来设计,构建和运营。大型合作产生并检查结果,许多论文由超过三千名作者签署。本文介绍了什么是实验粒子物理以及用于分析数据的一些工具。它描述了用于确保可以由合作者和非授权者在计算上复制结果的过程。它描述了可公开可用的数据集和分析工具的状态,这些工具有助于繁殖和重塑实验结果。它还描述了粒子物理学家用来最大化结果可靠性的方法,这增加了其他协作可以复制它们的概率,甚至增加了与更多数据和新人员相同的合作。后来发现的结果示例是错误的,既有失败的复制尝试,又有一个令人震惊的成功复制。虽然粒子物理实验的某些特征是独特的,但许多过程和技术都可以在其他领域中使用。
Recently, much attention has been focused on the replicability of scientific results, causing scientists, statisticians, and journal editors to examine closely their methodologies and publishing criteria. Experimental particle physicists have been aware of the precursors of non-replicable research for many decades and have many safeguards to ensure that the published results are as reliable as possible. The experiments require large investments of time and effort to design, construct, and operate. Large collaborations produce and check the results, and many papers are signed by more than three thousand authors. This paper gives an introduction to what experimental particle physics is and to some of the tools that are used to analyze the data. It describes the procedures used to ensure that results can be computationally reproduced, both by collaborators and by non-collaborators. It describes the status of publicly available data sets and analysis tools that aid in reproduction and recasting of experimental results. It also describes methods particle physicists use to maximize the reliability of the results, which increases the probability that they can be replicated by other collaborations or even the same collaborations with more data and new personnel. Examples of results that were later found to be false are given, both with failed replication attempts and one with alarmingly successful replications. While some of the characteristics of particle physics experiments are unique, many of the procedures and techniques can be and are used in other fields.