论文标题
平面Bose-Einstein的多体阶段，与空腔诱导的自旋轨道耦合
Many-Body Phases of a Planar Bose-Einstein Condensate with Cavity-Induced Spin-Orbit Coupling
论文作者
论文摘要
我们探索具有腔介导的动态自旋轨偶联的二维玻色凝结物的多体阶段。借助两个横向非交流，反向传播泵激光器和一个单个站立腔模式，将量子气的两个退化Zeeman子级别拉曼与双$λ$ conconfiguration耦合在一起。除了临界泵强度之外，腔模式通过两个泵激光器的相干超级拉曼散射填充，从而导致原子的动态自旋轨道耦合出现。我们识别具有不同原子和光子特性的三个量子相：正常的'同质'阶段，超级级``spin-helix''阶段以及超级级别的`suppersolid旋转密度波'相。后者由于相干光子散射到谐振器与碰撞诱导的动量耦合而相互作用，后者表现出新出现的周期性原子密度分布，具有正交中心的矩形矩形结构。新兴晶体的横向晶格间距是由动态自旋轨道耦合设置的。
We explore the many-body phases of a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with cavity-mediated dynamic spin-orbit coupling. By the help of two transverse non-interfering, counterpropagating pump lasers and a single standing-wave cavity mode, two degenerate Zeeman sub-levels of the quantum gas are Raman coupled in a double-$Λ$-configuration. Beyond a critical pump strength the cavity mode is populated via coherent superradiant Raman scattering from the two pump lasers, leading to the appearance of a dynamical spin-orbit coupling for the atoms. We identify three quantum phases with distinct atomic and photonic properties: the normal ``homogeneous'' phase, the superradiant ``spin-helix'' phase, and the superradiant ``supersolid spin-density-wave'' phase. The latter exhibits an emergent periodic atomic density distribution with an orthorhombic centered rectangular-lattice structure due to the interplay between the coherent photon scattering into the resonator and the collision-induced momentum coupling. The transverse lattice spacing of the emergent crystal is set by the dynamic spin-orbit coupling.
