论文标题
平等合作伙伴在防守联盟方面做得更好
Equal partners do better in defensive alliances
论文作者
论文摘要
循环优势不仅提供了维持生物多样性的一种方式，而且还提供了对外部入侵者的一种防御联盟。有趣的是，当存在两个循环回路时，可以观察到新的竞争水平。在这里，内部入侵速度在进化结果上起着决定性的作用，因为更快的入侵率为联盟提供了进化优势。在这封信中，我们证明了内部入侵率的异质性使联盟易受群体成员相等的循环。令人惊讶的是，即使后一组的平均入侵速度明显更高，侵略率均匀的循环仍然可以主导由固定率形成的联盟。在特定的参数空间范围内，当组间入侵或平均内部侵袭中等时，具有较高内部侵袭速度的异质联盟可能会占上风，或者系统终止于新颖的4或5个物种解决方案。
Cyclic dominance offers not just a way to maintain biodiversity, but also serves as a sort of defensive alliance against an external invader. Interestingly, a new level of competition can be observed when two cyclic loops are present. Here the inner invasion speed plays a decisive role on the evolutionary outcome, because faster invasion rate provides an evolutionary advantage to an alliance. In this Letter we demonstrate that the heterogeneity of inner invasion rates makes an alliance vulnerable against a loop where group members are equal. Quite surprisingly, a loop where invasion rates are uniform can still dominate an alliance formed by heteregeneous rates even if the average speed of invasion is significantly higher in the latter group. At a specific range of parameter space, when intergroup invasion or the average inner invasion is moderate, the heterogeneous alliance with higher internal invasion speed may prevail, or the system terminates onto a novel 4- or 5-species solution.
