论文标题
巨型网络：Z = 6.31 Quasar SDSS J1030+0524周围大规模结构的光谱确认
The web of the Giant: spectroscopic confirmation of a Large Scale Structure around the z=6.31 quasar SDSS J1030+0524
论文作者
论文摘要
我们报告了围绕发光的大规模结构的光谱确认，Z = 6.31 QSO SDSS〜J1030+0524，该结构由十亿个太阳能黑洞提供动力。该结构至少有六个成员，四个Lyman Breakearaxies（LBG）和两个Lyman Alpha Emitters（Laes）。在Z {AB} <25.5的21个I带辍学的样本中，已经确定了这四个LBG，从QSO中选择了5个物理MPC（15 Arcmin）的预计分离。它们的红移是通过在8-10m级望远镜下最多8小时长的多对象光谱观测来确定的。这两个LAE已在以QSO为中心的6小时VLT/MUSE观察中确定。六个星系的红移覆盖了6.129-6.355。假设奇特的速度可以忽略不计，则该范围对应于+/- 5物理MPC与QSO的径向分离，这与天空上观察到的LBG分布的预计标度相当。我们保守地估计，这种结构在> 3.5 sigma水平上是显着的，并且在大体积采样的大体积（〜780个物理MPC^3）内，星系过度密度的水平至少为1.5-2。六个成员星系（Lyalpha强度和紫外线亮度）的光谱特性与相似的红移处的田间星系相似。这是在宇宙的前十亿年，是超级黑洞周围星系过度密度的第一个光谱鉴定。我们的发现支持了这样一种观念，即在大规模结构中最遥远，最庞大的黑洞形成并在巨大的（> 10^{12} msun）中生长，并且可能由于观察性的限制而无法进行早期检测。
We report on the spectroscopic confirmation of a large scale structure around the luminous, z=6.31 QSO SDSS~J1030+0524, that is powered by a billion solar mass black hole. The structure is populated by at least six members, four Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) and two Lyman Alpha Emitters (LAEs). The four LBGs have been identified among a sample of 21 i-band dropouts with z{AB}<25.5 selected up to projected separations of 5 physical Mpc (15 arcmin) from the QSO. Their redshifts have been determined through up to 8hr-long multi-object spectroscopic observations at 8-10m class telescopes. The two LAEs have been identified in a 6hr VLT/MUSE observation centered on the QSO. The redshifts of the six galaxies cover the range 6.129-6.355. Assuming that peculiar velocities are negligible, this range corresponds to radial separations of +/-5 physical Mpc from the QSO, that is comparable to the projected scale of the observed LBG distribution on the sky. We conservatively estimate that this structure is significant at >3.5 sigma level, and that the level of the galaxy overdensity is at least 1.5-2 within the large volume sampled (~780 physical Mpc^3). The spectral properties of the six member galaxies (Lyalpha strength and UV luminosity) are similar to those of field galaxies at similar redshifts. This is the first spectroscopic identification of a galaxy overdensity around a super-massive black hole in the first billion years of the Universe. Our finding lends support to the idea that the most distant and massive black holes form and grow within massive (>10^{12} Msun) dark matter halos in large scale structures, and that the absence of earlier detections of such systems was likely due to observational limitations.
