论文标题
1680年5月的主要太阳透明风暴期间的候选极光观测：对最低限度的太空天气事件的影响
Candidate Auroral Observations during the Major Solar-Terrestrial Storm in May 1680: Implication for Space Weather Events during the Maunder Minimum
论文作者
论文摘要
最低限度（1645-1715）被认为是自1610年以来的望远镜黑子观测中唯一的最低最低限度。在这个时期，太阳非常安静，异常没有黑子。然而，尽管频率降低，但在此期间，欧洲中部部门有候选极光，并且与行星际冠状质量弹出（ICMES）的发生有关，而其中一些已被确定为误解。在这里，我们分析了1680年6月1日候选Aurorae的报告，并同时观察了中部欧洲，并将其描述与现代早期Aurorae的视觉描述进行了比较。 1680年5月22日，24日和27日，大多数现代的黑子图纸都表明，这种明显的黑子可能是ICMES的来源，这引起了据报道的候选Aurorae。另一方面，其强度估计表明，该候选极光期间的磁性风暴可能在源自旋转相互作用区域（CIR）的风暴的能力之内。因此，我们将ICMES和CIRS作为可能的起源。这种解释可能适用于经常引用的匈牙利目录中的候选极光，这是根据其赤道极光边界的重建边缘。此外，该目录本身已经澄清说，MM期间的大量候选人可能是误解。因此，匈牙利的极光可见性的频率可能低于以前所考虑的，并且与现有重建中通常慢的太阳风相一致，而零星的黑子和冠状孔的零星出现仍会偶尔引起偶尔发生地磁风暴。
The Maunder Minimum (1645-1715) is currently considered the only grand minimum within telescopic sunspot observations since 1610. During this epoch, the Sun was extremely quiet and unusually free from sunspots. However, despite reduced frequency, candidate aurorae were reported in the mid-European sector during this period and have been associated with occurrences of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), whereas some of them have been identified as misinterpretations. Here, we have analysed reports of candidate aurorae on 1 June 1680 with simultaneous observations in mid-Europe, and compared their descriptions with visual accounts of early modern aurorae. Most contemporary sunspot drawings from 22, 24, and 27 May 1680 have shown that this apparent sunspot may have been a source of ICMEs, which caused the reported candidate aurorae. On the other hand, its intensity estimate shows that the magnetic storm during this candidate aurora was probably within the capability of the storms derived from the corotating interaction region (CIR). Therefore, we accommodate both ICMEs and CIRs as their possible origin. This interpretation is probably applicable to the candidate aurorae in the often-cited Hungarian catalogue, on the basis of the reconstructed margin of their equatorward auroral boundary. Moreover, this catalogue itself has clarified that the considerable candidates during the MM were probably misinterpretations. Therefore, frequency of the auroral visibility in Hungary was probably lower than previously considered and agree more with the generally slow solar wind in the existing reconstructions, whereas sporadic occurrences of sunspots and coronal holes still caused occasional geomagnetic storms.
