论文标题

破裂的城市流动性

Cracking urban mobility

论文作者

Carmona, H. A., de Noronha, A. W. T., Moreira, A. A., Araujo, N. A. M., Andrade Jr, J. S.

论文摘要

评估道路网络的弹性对改善现有基础设施并设计新的基础设施至关重要。在这里,我们应用最佳路径裂纹模型(OPC)来研究道路网络的移动性,并提出新的城市流动性弹性代理。与静态方法相反,OPC将重新路由的动态解释为对交通堵塞的响应。确切地说,一个人在能够崩溃的最佳起源用途路径的最脆弱的段中模拟了一系列故障(裂纹)。我们通过合成和真实的道路网络的结果表明,它们的混乱水平,单向段的分数和空间相关性可能会严重影响交通拥堵的脆弱性。通过将OPC应用于波士顿市中心和曼哈顿,我们发现波士顿比曼哈顿更容易受到伤害。这与波士顿领导着流量平均时间最高的美国大都市地区的名单兼容。此外,我们的分析表明,这种差异的起源来自每个道路网络的固有空间相关性。最后,我们认为,由于它们的全球影响力,可以使用OPC确定的最重要的裂缝来指出能够实质上改善城市流动性的道路网络中潜在的小型重新路线和结构性变化。

Assessing the resilience of a road network is instrumental to improve existing infrastructures and design new ones. Here we apply the optimal path crack model (OPC) to investigate the mobility of road networks and propose a new proxy for resilience of urban mobility. In contrast to static approaches, the OPC accounts for the dynamics of rerouting as a response to traffic jams. Precisely, one simulates a sequence of failures (cracks) at the most vulnerable segments of the optimal origin-destination paths that are capable to collapse the system. Our results with synthetic and real road networks reveal that their levels of disorder, fractions of unidirectional segments and spatial correlations can drastically affect the vulnerability to traffic congestion. By applying the OPC to downtown Boston and Manhattan, we found that Boston is significantly more vulnerable than Manhattan. This is compatible with the fact that Boston heads the list of American metropolitan areas with the highest average time waste in traffic. Moreover, our analysis discloses that the origin of this difference comes from the intrinsic spatial correlations of each road network. Finally, we argue that, due to their global influence, the most important cracks identified with OPC can be used to pinpoint potential small rerouting and structural changes in road networks that are capable to substantially improve urban mobility.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源