论文标题
一维连接对象，木瓜瑞士 - 萨菲弦墙的网络以及它们在$^3 $ He的极性扭曲的b阶段中的旋转动态响应
One dimensional nexus objects, network of Kibble-Lazarides-Shafi string walls, and their spin dynamic response in polar distorted B-phase of $^3$He
论文作者
论文摘要
QCD中CP违规的轴突解决方案中的Kibble-Lazarides-Shafi（KLS）域壁问题具有基于NAFEN的超级流体$^3 $ He的类比。旋转超流体$^3 $的最新实验他在人类可控系统中生产了KLS弦乐墙网络。在此系统中，KLS弦壁以两步对称性断裂从正常相到极性B相的过渡出现，并成为极相HQV的后代。在这里，当考虑到自旋轨道耦合时，我们显示KLS弦墙平稳地连接到旋转孤子。这意味着HQV是一维连接，它连接旋转孤子和KLS域壁。这是因为相对同质型组的子组$ g =π_{1}（s_ {s}^{1}，\ tilde {r} _ {2}）$相对同型组的描述Spin solitons的相对同型组是对旋转旋转涡流的组同构的 - 自旋纹理涡流kls kls kls string string wall。在NAFEN延伸的$^3 $ HE系统中，1D Nexus对象和带有拓扑不变的$ 2/4 $的自旋孤子$形成两种不同类型的网络，这些网络被称为不可分割和可分离的旋转孤子的伪随机晶格。这两种类型的晶格对应于$ g $的两个不同表示。我们讨论了伪随机晶格模型的工作条件。自由能的平衡构型和表面密度是通过数字最小化计算的。根据不同伪随机晶格的平衡自旋纹理，我们计算了它们的横向NMR光谱，所得的频移和$ \sqrtΩ$尺度的比率强度与实验测量完全重合。我们还讨论了在KLS域壁的存在下以及该离散对称性明确破裂的影响。我们的讨论和考虑可以应用于其他冷凝物和宇宙学系统中的综合缺陷。
The Kibble-Lazarides-Shafi (KLS) domain wall problem in the axion solution of CP violation in QCD has condensed-matter based analogy in the nafen-distorted superfluid $^3$He. Recent experiment in rotating superfluid $^3$He produced the network of KLS string walls in human controllable system. In this system, KLS string wall appears in two-step symmetry break transition from normal phase to polar-distorted B phase and turn out to be the descendants of HQVs of polar phase. Here we show the KLS string wall smoothly connects to spin solitons when the spin orbital coupling is taken into account. This means HQVs are 1D nexus which connects the spin solitons and the KLS domain walls. This is because the subgroup $G=π_{1}(S_{S}^{1},\tilde{R}_{2})$ of relative homotopy group describing the spin solitons is isomorphic to the group describing the half spin vortices -- the spin textures KLS string wall. In the nafen-distorted $^3$He system, 1D nexus objects and the spin solitons with topological invariant $2/4$ form two different types of network, which are named as pseudo-random lattices of inseparable and separable spin solitons. These two types lattices correspond to two different representations of $G$. We discuss the condition under which pseudo-random lattices model works. The equilibrium configuration and surface densities of free energies are calculated by numeric minimization. Based on the equilibrium spin textures of different pseudo-random lattices, we calculated their transverse NMR spectrum, the resulted frequency shifts and $\sqrtΩ$-scaling of ratio intensity exactly coincide with the experimental measurements. We also discussed the mirror symmetry in the presence of KLS domain wall and the influence of the explicitly break of this discrete symmetry. Our discussions and considerations can be applied to the composite defects in other condensed matter and cosmological system.
