论文标题
电磁辐射和球形偶极振荡器的自场
Electromagnetic radiation and the self field of a spherical dipole oscillator
论文作者
论文摘要
对于振荡的电偶极子的形状，固体，均匀的球形粒子的形状，我们计算周围自由空间中的自场以及辐射电磁场。假定的几何形状使我们能够获得麦克斯韦方程的精确解，这是偶极矩，球半径和振荡频率的函数。负责辐射抗性的自我场并未引入可抗性或以其他方式的异常行为，以构成偶极子的结合电荷的动力学。偏离因果关系，这是充电粒子对外部施加力的动态响应的一个众所周知的特征，当分离地检查电荷时，就会出现，即在没有相等但相反电荷的限制力中不可避免地存在于偶极子散热器中。即使在这种情况下，（自由）带电粒子的可支柱行为似乎植根于用于得出自力估计的近似值。当使用自我力量的确切表达时，我们的数值分析表明粒子的冲动反应应保持因果关系。
For an oscillating electric dipole in the shape of a small, solid, uniformly-polarized, spherical particle, we compute the self-field as well as the radiated electromagnetic field in the surrounding free space. The assumed geometry enables us to obtain the exact solution of Maxwell's equations as a function of the dipole moment, the sphere radius, and the oscillation frequency. The self field, which is responsible for the radiation resistance, does not introduce acausal or otherwise anomalous behavior into the dynamics of the bound electrical charges that comprise the dipole. Departure from causality, a well-known feature of the dynamical response of a charged particle to an externally applied force, is shown to arise when the charge is examined in isolation, namely in the absence of the restraining force of an equal but opposite charge that is inevitably present in a dipole radiator. Even in this case, the acausal behavior of the (free) charged particle appears to be rooted in the approximations used to arrive at an estimate of the self-force. When the exact expression of the self-force is used, our numerical analysis indicates that the impulse-response of the particle should remain causal.
