论文标题
从核心崩溃的超新星中检测到后期中微子的令人兴奋的前景
Exciting Prospects for Detecting Late-Time Neutrinos from Core-Collapse Supernovae
论文作者
论文摘要
众所周知，从银河系核心折叠超新星中检测中微子的重要性。研究阶段不足的是原始中子星形冷却。对于SN 1987a而言，这似乎始于大约2 s，因此仅在Kamiokande-II和IMB探测器中进行的19个事件中的6个（以及仅$ \barν_e$ taveer）所探测。随着预期的目前和近距离探测器的较高统计数据，应该有可能将详细的中微子信号衡量到很晚。我们介绍了在原始中微子恒星冷却阶段进行中微子检测的首次全面研究，考虑了各种结果，并采用了各种口味，并采用了详细的检测器物理学。 For our nominal model, the event yields (at 10 kpc) after 10 s -- the approximate duration of the SN 1987A signal -- far exceed the entire SN 1987A yield, with $\simeq$250 $\barν_e$ events (to 50 s) in Super-Kamiokande, $\simeq$110 $ν_e$ events (to 40 s) in DUNE, and $\simeq$10 $ν_μ, ν_τ，\barν_μ，\barν_τ$ events（to 20 s）在Juno中。这些数据将允许对原始恒星的前所未有的探针，包括中微子透明度的发作，从而过渡到中子恒星。如果形成一个黑洞，即使在很晚的时候，也可以清楚地确定这一点。但是，探测器是否会符合他们有史以来曾经有过的全味，高统计量检测核心崩溃的可能性的潜力？或许。迫切需要进一步的工作，尤其是为了彻底调查和提高其MEV功能。
The importance of detecting neutrinos from a Milky Way core-collapse supernova is well known. An under-studied phase is proto-neutron star cooling. For SN 1987A, this seemingly began at about 2 s, and is thus probed by only 6 of the 19 events (and only the $\barν_e$ flavor) in the Kamiokande-II and IMB detectors. With the higher statistics expected for present and near-future detectors, it should be possible to measure detailed neutrino signals out to very late times. We present the first comprehensive study of neutrino detection during the proto-neutron star cooling phase, considering a variety of outcomes, using all flavors, and employing detailed detector physics. For our nominal model, the event yields (at 10 kpc) after 10 s -- the approximate duration of the SN 1987A signal -- far exceed the entire SN 1987A yield, with $\simeq$250 $\barν_e$ events (to 50 s) in Super-Kamiokande, $\simeq$110 $ν_e$ events (to 40 s) in DUNE, and $\simeq$10 $ν_μ, ν_τ, \barν_μ, \barν_τ$ events (to 20 s) in JUNO. These data would allow unprecedented probes of the proto-neutron star, including the onset of neutrino transparency and hence its transition to a neutron star. If a black hole forms, even at very late times, this can be clearly identified. But will the detectors fulfill their potential for this perhaps once-ever opportunity for an all-flavor, high-statistics detection of a core collapse? Maybe. Further work is urgently needed, especially for DUNE to thoroughly investigate and improve its MeV capabilities.
