论文标题
粗晶片中的合奏：重建蒸发黑洞的内部
Ensemble from Coarse Graining: Reconstructing the Interior of an Evaporating Black Hole
论文作者
论文摘要
在理解黑洞的量子物理学时，重力的非扰动方面起着重要作用。特别是，在非扰动级别上，重力理论的巨大规格冗余，其比标准的差异性大得多，甚至将空间与不同的拓扑相关联，使我们能够对系统进行不同的描述。尽管物理结论在任何描述中都是相同的，但相同的物理学可能以不同的形式以不同的形式表现在基于不同量规选择的描述中。 在本文中，我们探讨了两个这样的描述之间的关系，我们将其称为全球仪表和统一量规结构。前者基于一般相对论的全球时空，在这种时期中，理解单位性需要包含重力的微妙非扰动效应。后者基于黑洞的遥远视图，在该视图中显现出来，但内部时空的存在被遮盖了。这两个描述是互补的。在本文中，我们通过对另一种结构的分析开始研究一种结构的学习方面。 我们发现，在全球仪表结构中存在近空内部时空的存在与统一量规结构中的最大混乱，快速争夺和通用动力学有关。我们利用量规选择的互补性来理解全球时空中重力路径在单一统一理论中不可或缺的集成质的整体性质，该理论在基本层面上不涉及任何合奏性质。我们还讨论了内部自由度如何与两个结构中外部的自由度相关。这种关系最自然地出现了，因为纠缠楔的重建和各自构造中内部的有效理论。
In understanding the quantum physics of a black hole, nonperturbative aspects of gravity play important roles. In particular, huge gauge redundancies of a gravitational theory at the nonperturbative level, which are much larger than the standard diffeomorphism and relate even spaces with different topologies, allow us to take different descriptions of a system. While the physical conclusions are the same in any description, the same physics may manifest itself in vastly different forms in descriptions based on different gauge choices. In this paper, we explore the relation between two such descriptions, which we refer to as the global gauge and unitary gauge constructions. The former is based on the global spacetime of general relativity, in which understanding unitarity requires the inclusion of subtle nonperturbative effects of gravity. The latter is based on a distant view of the black hole, in which unitarity is manifest but the existence of interior spacetime is obscured. These two descriptions are complementary. In this paper, we initiate the study of learning aspects of one construction through the analysis of the other. We find that the existence of near empty interior spacetime manifest in the global gauge construction is related to the maximally chaotic, fast scrambling, and universal dynamics of the horizon in the unitary gauge construction. We use the complementarity of the gauge choices to understand the ensemble nature of the gravitational path integral in global spacetime in terms of coarse graining and thermality in a single unitary theory that does not involve any ensemble nature at the fundamental level. We also discuss how the interior degrees of freedom are related with those in the exterior in the two constructions. This relation emerges most naturally as entanglement wedge reconstruction and the effective theory of the interior in the respective constructions.
