论文标题

一个自一致的模拟系外行星氛围的库

A Library of Self-Consistent Simulated Exoplanet Atmospheres

论文作者

Goyal, Jayesh M., Mayne, Nathan, Drummond, Benjamin, Sing, David K., Hébrard, Eric, Lewis, Nikole, Tremblin, Pascal, Phillips, Mark W., Mikal-Evans, Thomas, Wakeford, Hannah R.

论文摘要

We present a publicly available library of model atmospheres with radiative-convective equilibrium Pressure-Temperature ($P$-$T$) profiles fully consistent with equilibrium chemical abundances, and the corresponding emission and transmission spectrum with R$\sim$5000 at 0.2 $μ$m decreasing to R$\sim$35 at 30 $μ$m, for 89 hot Jupiter exoplanets, for four再循环因子,六个金属率和六个C/O比。我们发现,冷凝过程(本地/雨水)的选择改变了$ p $ - $ t $ profile,因此很大程度上可以通过JWST检测到频谱。我们发现H $^ - $不透明度可能有助于在C/O比率$ \ geq $ 1的超热木星中形成强烈的温度反转,并且可以使传输光谱在光学中平坦,并改变整个发射光谱。我们强调如何采用不同的模型选择,例如热电离,不透明,线翼轮廓以及改变c/o比的方法,影响$ p $ - $ t $结构和光谱。我们展示了FE不透明度在大气中形成主要/次级反转的作用。我们使用WASP-17B和WASP-121B作为测试案例,以证明网格参数在其整个范围内的影响,同时突出了一些重要的发现,这些发现涉及整体大气结构,化学过渡方案及其可观察结果。最后,我们将此库应用于WASP-121b的当前传输和发射光谱观察结果,该观察显示了肢体的H $ _2 $ O和VO VO的暂定证据,以及h $ _2 $ o _2 $ o排放特征,表明倒数时底部的倒置,并以非常低的能量重新分配,从而证明了图书馆在计划和诠释群体上的适用性和解释群体的适用性。

We present a publicly available library of model atmospheres with radiative-convective equilibrium Pressure-Temperature ($P$-$T$) profiles fully consistent with equilibrium chemical abundances, and the corresponding emission and transmission spectrum with R$\sim$5000 at 0.2 $μ$m decreasing to R$\sim$35 at 30 $μ$m, for 89 hot Jupiter exoplanets, for four re-circulation factors, six metallicities and six C/O ratios. We find the choice of condensation process (local/rainout) alters the $P$-$T$ profile and thereby the spectrum substantially, potentially detectable by JWST. We find H$^-$ opacity can contribute to form a strong temperature inversion in ultra-hot Jupiters for C/O ratios $\geq$ 1 and can make transmission spectra features flat in the optical, alongside altering the entire emission spectra. We highlight how adopting different model choices such as thermal ionisation, opacities, line-wing profiles and the methodology of varying the C/O ratio, effects the $P$-$T$ structure and the spectrum. We show the role of Fe opacity to form primary/secondary inversion in the atmosphere. We use WASP-17b and WASP-121b as test cases to demonstrate the effect of grid parameters across their full range, while highlighting some important findings, concerning the overall atmospheric structure, chemical transition regimes and their observables. Finally, we apply this library to the current transmission and emission spectra observations of WASP-121b, which shows H$_2$O and tentative evidence for VO at the limb, and H$_2$O emission feature indicative of inversion on the dayside, with very low energy redistribution, thereby demonstrating the applicability of library for planning and interpreting observations of transmission and emission spectrum.

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