论文标题
实验性地验证噪音控制场下量子系统中的抗Kibble-Zurek行为
Experimentally verifying anti-Kibble-Zurek behavior in a quantum system under noisy control field
论文作者
论文摘要
Kibble-Zurek机制（KZM）是一个通用框架，可以原则上描述具有所需对称性能的任何系统中的相变现象。然而，在铁电相变的研究中，已经报道了一种相互冲突的观察结果，称为抗KZ行为，其中较慢的驱动导致更多的拓扑缺陷[S. S. M. Griffin等。物理。 Rev. X. 2，041022（2012）]。尽管这项研究很重要，但其实验模拟到目前为止一直很少。在这项工作中，我们在嘈杂的控制场下实验证明了使用单个捕获的YB离子在三种量子相变协议下进行抗KZ行为。研究缺陷的密度是淬火时间和噪声强度的函数。我们通过实验验证，将激发量表最小化为噪声强度的通用力定律的最佳淬火时间。我们的研究设定了对两级系统中这种反KZ行为进行量子模拟的阶段，并揭示了绝热方案（例如量子退火）的局限性。
Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) is a universal framework which could in principle describe phase transition phenomenon in any system with required symmetry properties. However, a conflicting observation termed anti-KZ behavior has been reported in the study of ferroelectric phase transition, in which slower driving results in more topological defects [S. M. Griffin, et al. Phys. Rev. X. 2, 041022 (2012)]. Although this research is significant, its experimental simulations have been scarce until now. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate anti-KZ behavior under noisy control field in three kinds of quantum phase transition protocols using a single trapped Yb ion. The density of defects is studied as a function of the quench time and the noise intensity. We experimentally verify that the optimal quench time to minimize excitation scales as a universal power law of the noise intensity. Our research sets a stage for quantum simulation of such anti-KZ behavior in two-level systems and reveals the limitations of the adiabatic protocols such as quantum annealing.
