论文标题
在高红移星系周围堆叠红移21厘米的HII区域图像,作为早期电源的探测
Stacking Redshifted 21cm Images of HII Regions Around High Redshift Galaxies as a Probe of Early Reionization
论文作者
论文摘要
许多当前和未来的实验旨在通过红移21厘米线来检测宇宙中第一批恒星和星系对中性氢的电离。使用\ textsc {bluetides}模拟,我们通过使用模拟观测值将红移的21cm图像堆叠在光学识别的明亮星系周围的红移21厘米图像,研究\ textIt {平均}离子化区域的测量。我们发现,通过SKA 1000小时的观察,假设前景减法是完美的,可以用$5σ$检测堆叠的HII区域,可以用\ textsc {bluetides}中一些最明亮的星系围绕一些图像制作30张图像(比$ m_ {uv} <-22.75 $更明亮,在$ z = 9 $ = 9 $(对应于90 contions for Actient for Actient for Actient yous fraction yous fraction your fraction for)。我们介绍了星系的紫外线幅度,它们所在的电离区域的大小与堆叠曲线的形状之间的关系。这些模拟观察还可以区分IgM在净发射或21厘米光子吸收中的方案。一旦包括21厘米的前景污染,我们发现即使在这些罕见的明亮星系周围有多达200张图像,也只有暂定$>1σ$检测。但是,部分前景减法基本上改善了信噪比。例如,我们预测,将前景主导的傅立叶空间区域减少50(80),将允许$>3σ$($>5σ$)在$ z = 9 $的离子化区域检测。
A number of current and future experiments aim to detect the reionization of neutral hydrogen by the first stars and galaxies in the Universe via the redshifted 21cm line. Using the \textsc{BlueTides} simulation, we investigate the measurement of an \textit{average} ionised region towards the beginning of reionization by stacking redshifted 21cm images around optically identified bright galaxies using mock observations. We find that with an SKA 1000 hour observation, assuming perfect foreground subtraction, a $5σ$ detection of a stacked HII region can be made with 30 images around some of the brightest galaxies in \textsc{bluetides} (brighter than $M_{UV} < -22.75$) at $z=9$ (corresponding to a neutral fraction of 90.1 \% in our model). We present simulated relationships between the UV magnitude of galaxies, the sizes of the ionised regions they reside in, and the shape of the stacked profiles. These mock observations can also distinguish between scenarios where the IGM is in net emission or absorption of 21cm photons. Once 21cm foreground contamination is included, we find that even with up to 200 images around these rare, bright galaxies, only a tentative $> 1σ$ detection will be possible. However, partial foreground subtraction substantially improves signal-to-noise. For example, we predict that reducing the area of Fourier space dominated by foregrounds by 50 (80) percent will allow $> 3σ$ ($> 5σ$) detections of ionised regions at $z=9$.