论文标题
时间（第二定律）作为大型系统的随机驱动的新兴特性
The arrow of time (second law) as a randomness-driven emergent property of large systems
论文作者
论文摘要
时间的箭头是一种不可逆转的现象，对于正在进行可逆动力学的粒子系统。自鲍尔茨曼（Boltzmann）到今天以来，时间的箭头一直引起了辩论和研究。然而，由于其实际含义，纳米技术和相关的实验技术的巨大生长使时间到达了最前沿。使用对粒子系统的一维扩散的模拟，我们证明了时间的箭头是大系统的新兴特性。我们表明，随着粒子数量的增长，颗粒系统返回其原始配置系统的复发时间迅速增长。根据模拟，我们为经典颗粒，费米子和玻色子的复发时间提供了表达式。玻色子系统的复发时间最短，而经典颗粒系统的复发时间最长。平均复发时间周围的基本分布被用于玻色子的泊松分布，并用于费米斯和经典颗粒的高斯分布。编码动力学的概率方法可实现测试过程，而不是扩散并量化其对复发时间的影响。
The arrow of time is an irreversible phenomenon for a system of particles undergoing reversible dynamics. Since the time of Boltzmann to this day, the arrow of time has led to debate and research. However, the enormous growth of nanotechnology and associated experimental techniques has brought the arrow of time at the forefront because of its practical implications. Using simulations of one-dimensional diffusion of a system of particles, we show that the arrow of time is an emergent property of a large system. We show that the recurrence time for a system of particles to return to its original configuration grows rapidly as the number of particles grows. Based on the simulations, we have provided the expressions for recurrence times for classical particles, Fermions, and Bosons. A system of Bosons has the shortest recurrence time, whereas a system of classical particles has the longest recurrence time. The underlying distribution around the mean recurrence time is Poisson-distributed for Bosons and Gaussian-distributed for Fermions and classical particles. The probabilistic approach to encode dynamics enables testing processes other than diffusion and quantify their effects on the recurrence time.
