论文标题
步道：光节点的区块链体系结构
Trail: A Blockchain Architecture for Light Nodes
论文作者
论文摘要
在比特币和以太坊中，节点需要大量存储容量来维护所有区块链数据，例如交易，UTXOS和帐户状态。截至2020年5月，比特币区块链的存储尺寸已扩大到270 GB，它将继续增加。此存储要求是成为块提议者或验证器的主要障碍。尽管许多研究试图减少存储大小，但在提出的方法中，节点不能保留所有块或无法生成块。我们提出了一个称为TRAIL的体系结构，该体系结构允许节点将所有块存放在一个小存储中，并生成和验证块和交易。 TRAIL不取决于共识算法或叉选择规则。在此架构中，发行交易的客户有数据来证明自己的余额，并可以生成包含余额证明的交易。 TRAIL中的节点不存储交易，UTXOS和帐户余额：它们仅保留块。块大小约为8 kb，比比特币小100倍。此外，无论帐户数量和交易数量如何，块大小都是恒定的。与传统的区块链相比，发行交易的客户必须存储其他数据。但是，我们表明正确的数据归档可以使帐户设备存储尺寸较小。 TRAIL允许更多的用户成为建议者和验证者，并改善区块链的权力下放。
In Bitcoin and Ethereum, nodes require large storage capacity to maintain all the blockchain data, such as transactions, UTXOs, and account states. As of May 2020, the storage size of the Bitcoin blockchain has expanded to 270 GB, and it will continue to increase. This storage requirement is a major hurdle to becoming a block proposer or validator. Although many studies have attempted to reduce the storage size, in the proposed methods, a node cannot keep all blocks or cannot generate a block. We propose an architecture called Trail that allows nodes to hold all blocks in a small storage and to generate and validate blocks and transactions. Trail does not depend on a consensus algorithm or fork choice rule. In this architecture, a client who issues transactions has the data to prove its own balances and can generate a transaction containing the proof of balances. The nodes in Trail do not store transactions, UTXOs and account balances: they keep only blocks. The blocksize is approximately 8 KB, which is 100 times smaller than that of Bitcoin. Further, the block size is constant regardless of the number of accounts and the number of transactions. Compared to traditional blockchains, clients who issue transactions must store additional data. However, we show that proper data archiving can keep the account device storage size small. Trail allows more users to be block proposers and validators and improves the decentralization of the blockchain.
