论文标题

具有异质能源的频率调节:使用分布式控制的实现

Frequency Regulation with Heterogeneous Energy Resources: A Realization using Distributed Control

论文作者

Anderson, Tor, Muralidharan, Manasa, Srivastava, Priyank, Haghi, Hamed Valizadeh, Cortes, Jorge, Kleissl, Jan, Martinez, Sonia, Washom, Byron

论文摘要

本文介绍了在功率分配网格中二级频率响应协调和分布式资源控制的第一个现实生活演示之一。我们进行了一系列测试,最多有69个异质的主动设备,包括空气处理单元,单向和双向电动汽车充电站,电池储能系统以及107个由建筑物负载和光伏发电机组成的被动设备。测试设备的致动命令是通过使用分布式比率,原始偶尔和类似牛顿的算法在每项法规中解决经济调度问题来获得的。分布式控制设置由一组Raspberry Pi端点组成,这些端点通过以太网开关交换消息。问题提出的情况最小化了设备成本的总和,同时跟踪系统操作员提供的设定点。我们通过在40分钟的时间范围内测量物理设备输出来证明优化解决方案的准确且快速的实时分布式计算以及调节信号的有效跟踪。我们还进行了经济福利分析,该分析确认有资格参加辅助服务市场,并为所选设备人群提供了高达53,000美元的潜在年收入。

This paper presents one of the first real-life demonstrations of coordinated and distributed resource control for secondary frequency response in a power distribution grid. We conduct a series of tests with up to 69 heterogeneous active devices consisting of air handling units, unidirectional and bidirectional electric vehicle charging stations, a battery energy storage system, and 107 passive devices consisting of building loads and photovoltaic generators. Actuation commands for the test devices are obtained by solving an economic dispatch problem at every regulation instant using distributed ratio-consensus, primal-dual, and Newton-like algorithms. The distributed control setup consists of a set of Raspberry Pi end-points exchanging messages via an ethernet switch. The problem formulation minimizes the sum of device costs while tracking the setpoints provided by the system operator. We demonstrate accurate and fast real-time distributed computation of the optimization solution and effective tracking of the regulation signal by measuring physical device outputs over 40-minute time horizons. We also perform an economic benefit analysis which confirms eligibility to participate in an ancillary services market and demonstrates up to $53K of potential annual revenue for the selected population of devices.

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