论文标题

一种证明数字歧视的规范方法

A Normative approach to Attest Digital Discrimination

论文作者

Criado, Natalia, Ferrer, Xavier, Such, Jose M.

论文摘要

数字歧视是一种歧视形式,可以根据机器学习(ML)系统自动对用户进行不公平,不道德或只是不同的方式处理。数字歧视的例子包括低收入社区以高利息贷款或低信用评分的目标,在在线营销中被21%低估了妇女。最近,已经提出了不同的技术和工具来检测可能导致数字歧视的偏差。这些工具通常需要执行技术专业知识,并需要解释其结果。为了允许非技术用户从ML中受益,需要更简单的概念和概念来代表和理由数字歧视。在本文中,我们将规范用作抽象来表示可能导致数字歧视的不同情况。特别是,我们在ML系统的背景下对非歧视规范进行形式化,并提出了一种算法来检查ML系统是否违反了这些规范。

Digital discrimination is a form of discrimination whereby users are automatically treated unfairly, unethically or just differently based on their personal data by a machine learning (ML) system. Examples of digital discrimination include low-income neighbourhood's targeted with high-interest loans or low credit scores, and women being undervalued by 21% in online marketing. Recently, different techniques and tools have been proposed to detect biases that may lead to digital discrimination. These tools often require technical expertise to be executed and for their results to be interpreted. To allow non-technical users to benefit from ML, simpler notions and concepts to represent and reason about digital discrimination are needed. In this paper, we use norms as an abstraction to represent different situations that may lead to digital discrimination. In particular, we formalise non-discrimination norms in the context of ML systems and propose an algorithm to check whether ML systems violate these norms.

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