论文标题

用X射线腔的径向伸长探测机械AGN反馈的物理

Probing the Physics of Mechanical AGN Feedback with Radial Elongations of X-ray Cavities

论文作者

Guo, Fulai

论文摘要

机械主动银河核(AGN)反馈在大型星系,星系组和簇中起关键作用。但是,调解这种反馈过程的AGN喷气机的能量含量远非清晰。在这里,我们提出了大量X射线腔样品的径向伸长$τ$的初步研究,显然是由机械AGN反馈产生的。我们样品中的所有腔均沿角(I型)或喷气方向(类型II)或几乎圆形(III型)伸长。随着空腔的浮动升高,观察到的$τ$的值大致降低,证实了流体动力模拟中发现的相同趋势。对于年轻的空腔,I型和II型腔都存在,后者占主导地位。假设有球形腔形状,我们得出了固有的径向伸长$ \ \barτ$与$τ$的倾斜角依赖性值之间的分析关系,这表明投影效果使腔看起来更圆,但不会将I型I型腔变成类型-II型腔或vice versa。我们总结了模拟中年轻腔的径向伸长,发现$ \barτ$随着AGN喷射的动力学分数而增加。轻度喷气机总是产生II型腔,而热能主导的强射流会产生I型腔,动力学以能量为主导的强力射流产生II型腔。我们的结果表明,某些AGN喷气机很强,并由热能(或宇宙射线)主导。但是,这些喷气机在AGN反馈中不占主导地位。如果大多数喷气机都以非运动能量为主,则应主要是轻度的喷气机。如果大多数喷气机都很强,则必须主要由动能主导。

Mechanical active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback plays a key role in massive galaxies, galaxy groups and clusters. However, the energy content of AGN jets that mediate this feedback process is still far from clear. Here we present a preliminary study of radial elongations $τ$ of a large sample of X-ray cavities, which are apparently produced by mechanical AGN feedback. All the cavities in our sample are elongated along the angular (type-I) or jet directions (type-II), or nearly circular (type-III). The observed value of $τ$ roughly decreases as the cavities rise buoyantly, confirming the same trend found in hydrodynamic simulations. For young cavities, both type-I and II cavities exist, and the latter dominates. Assuming a spheroidal cavity shape, we derive an analytical relation between the intrinsic radial elongation $\barτ$ and the inclination-angle-dependent value of $τ$, showing that projection effect makes cavities appear more circular, but does not change type-I cavities into type-II ones, or vice versa. We summarize radial elongations of young cavities in simulations, finding that $\barτ$ increases with the kinetic fraction of AGN jets. While mild jets always produce type-II cavities, thermal-energy-dominated strong jets produce type-I cavities, and kinetic-energy-dominated strong jets produce type-II cavities. Our results suggest that some AGN jets are strong and dominated by thermal energy (or cosmic rays). However, these jets do not dominate in AGN feedback. If most jets are dominated by non-kinetic energies, they should be mainly mild jets. If most jets are strong, they must be mainly dominated by the kinetic energy.

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