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The globally distributed computing infrastructure required to cope with the multi-petabytes datasets produced by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN comprises several subsystems, such as workload management, data management, data transfers, and submission of users' and centrally managed production requests. The performance and status of all subsystems must be constantly monitored to guarantee the efficient operation of the whole infrastructure. Moreover, key metrics need to be tracked to evaluate and study the system performance over time. The CMS monitoring architecture allows both real-time and historical monitoring of a variety of data sources and is based on scalable and open source solutions tailored to satisfy the experiment's monitoring needs. We present the monitoring data flow and software architecture for the CMS distributed computing applications. We discuss the challenges, components, current achievements, and future developments of the CMS monitoring infrastructure.