论文标题
朝着靠近光速的星星航行
Sailing Towards the Stars Close to the Speed of Light
论文作者
论文摘要
作者描述了带有定向能量推进的光速在光速附近加速的辐射帆的一般运动。还提供了模型的实际应用，包括突破性星际计划所设想的Alpha Centauri星系的星际飞行任务。驾驶光束和帆运动方向之间的任何错位自然都会在加速朝着相对速度的加速过程中扫除，但导致大约80 A.U的偏差。在最初未对准1弧秒的情况下，帆将加速至0.2摄氏度，向Alpha Centauri加速。然后，探针（2500 g）感觉到巨大的适当加速度，效率低下（约3 \％）的巨大能源成本（约13 kt），行程持续时间（22至33年），热力学平衡时温度的温度（约1500 k），以及时间膨胀的时间（约160次差异）是差异的差异。我们还使用双级轻型帆向太阳系内的一次旅行提出了申请。质量24吨的飞船可以从地球开始，并在大约七个月内停在火星上，峰值速度为30 km/s，但由于有向能源系统的极低效率，在这种低效率的情况下，巨额能源成本约为$ 5.3 \ times 10^4 $ GWH。
The authors describe the general motion of radiation-pushed sails accelerated near the speed of light with directed energy propulsion. Practical applications of the model are also given, including the interstellar flyby mission to the Alpha Centauri star system envisioned by the Breakthrough Starshot program. Any misalignment between the driving light beam and the direction of the sail's motion is naturally swept away during acceleration toward relativistic speed, yet leads to a deviation of about 80 A.U. in the case of an initial misalignment of 1 arc sec for a sail accelerated up to 0.2c toward Alpha Centauri. Then, the huge proper acceleration felt by the probes (of order 2500 g), the tremendous energy cost (of about 13 kt per probe) for poor efficiency (of about 3 \%), the trip duration (between 22 and 33 years), the temperature at thermodynamic equilibrium (about 1500 K), and the time dilation aboard (about 160-days difference) are all presented and their variation with the sail's reflectivity is discussed. We also present an application to single trips within the Solar System using double-stage light sails. A spaceship of mass 24 tons can start from Earth and stop at Mars in about seven months with a peak velocity of 30 km/s but at the price of a huge energy cost of about $5.3\times 10^4$ GWh due to extremely low efficiency of the directed energy system, around $10^{-4}$ in this low-velocity case.
