论文标题
量子磁单电冷凝水
Quantum magnetic monopole condensate
论文作者
论文摘要
尽管努力了数十年，但从未发现磁单孔作为基本颗粒。在实验中直接测量了单极和相关电流，并确定为新兴凝结物质系统中的拓扑准粒子激发。这些单极和相关的电磁对称性仅限于经典电动力学，单极的表现为经典颗粒。在这里，我们表明电磁对称性最基本是最基本的，并且扩展到完全量子行为。我们证明，在低温下，磁性可以形成量子胶凝结物，使其在超导体中的电荷Cooper对凝结物上偶尔。单极bose冷凝物表现为具有无限耐药性的超级构造状态，对超导性双重。单极超电流导致Meissner效应的电类似物，并通过Polyakov电弦与Hadron中的夸克（Polyakov）电弦形成线性限制。
Despite decades-long efforts, magnetic monopoles were never found as elementary particles. Monopoles and associated currents were directly measured in experiments and identified as topological quasiparticle excitations in emergent condensed matter systems. These monopoles and the related electric-magnetic symmetry were restricted to classical electrodynamics, with monopoles behaving as classical particles. Here we show that the electric-magnetic symmetry is most fundamental and extends to full quantum behavior. We demonstrate that at low temperatures magnetic monopoles can form a quantum Bose condensate dual to the charge Cooper pair condensate in superconductors. The monopole Bose condensate manifests as a superinsulating state with infinite resistance, dual to superconductivity. Monopole supercurrents result in the electric analog of the Meissner effect and lead to linear confinement of Cooper pairs by Polyakov electric strings in analogy to quarks in hadrons.
