论文标题
现状偏见和诱饵效应：风险下选择的比较分析
Status Quo Bias and the Decoy Effect: A Comparative Analysis in Choice under Risk
论文作者
论文摘要
惯性和依赖上下文的选择效应是一类精心研究的行为现象。尽管对这些效果的了解很多，但对于其中一个在可能存在时是否“主导”另一个效果的知之甚少。任何此类优势的知识都与有效的选择体系结构和描述性建模有关。我们通过一个受试者间实验实验开始了这项实证研究，每个主题在两个或三个货币彩票上做出了一个决定。我们的实验旨在测试 *状态偏置 *和 *诱饵效应 *之间的优势。我们发现了有力的现状偏见证据，也没有证据表明诱饵效应。我们还发现，现状偏见可以足够强大，因此，在总体上，一部分受试者从规避风险的转变为寻求风险。调查的证据表明，这是由于主题是违约的违约，并且在没有违约时赢得最大可能的奖励的最高可能性。一大批Koszegi-Rabin（2006）参考依赖性偏好可以解释观察到的风险态度逆转。
Inertia and context-dependent choice effects are well-studied classes of behavioural phenomena. While much is known about these effects in isolation, little is known about whether one of them "dominates" the other when both can potentially be present. Knowledge of any such dominance is relevant for effective choice architecture and descriptive modelling. We initiate this empirical investigation with a between-subjects lab experiment in which each subject made a single decision over two or three money lotteries. Our experiment was designed to test for dominance between *status quo bias* and the *decoy effect*. We find strong evidence for status quo bias and no evidence for the decoy effect. We also find that status quo bias can be powerful enough so that, at the aggregate level, a fraction of subjects switch from being risk-averse to being risk-seeking. Survey evidence suggests that this is due to subjects focusing on the maximum possible amount when the risky lottery is the default and on the highest probability of winning the biggest possible reward when there is no default. The observed reversal in risk attitudes is explainable by a large class of Koszegi-Rabin (2006) reference-dependent preferences.
