论文标题
主要合并的重金属木星：金属性与巨型行星的质量
Heavy-metal Jupiters by major mergers: metallicity vs. mass for giant planets
论文作者
论文摘要
某些木星 - 质量系外行星包含$ \ sim $$ 100 \，m_ \ oplus $的金属，远高于$ \ sim $$ 10 \，m_ \ oplus $，通常在实心核心中需要在固体核心中以触发巨型行星形成，以逃亡者气体积聚。我们证明，这种“重金属木星”可能是由$ \ sim $ 10 au的行星合并造成的。多个核心以失控的速率吸收气体在重力上相互扰动，使平均合并率等于气体吸积率。并发合并和气体积聚意味着核心质量尺度与总行星质量为$ m _ {\ rm core} \ propto m^{1/5} $ - 较重的行星具有与观察到的质量 - 金属关系的一致。尽管平均气体巨人大约合并一次将其核心加倍，但随着合并树木的合并，其他人可能会多次合并。我们表明，合并中固有的结果的分散可以在观察到的星球金属性中复制大散射，假设$ 3-30 \，m_ \ oplus $ pre-ununaway cores。合并有可能将金属性，偏心率和自旋相关联。
Some Jupiter-mass exoplanets contain $\sim$$100\, M_\oplus$ of metals, well above the $\sim$$10\, M_\oplus$ typically needed in a solid core to trigger giant planet formation by runaway gas accretion. We demonstrate that such `heavy-metal Jupiters' can result from planetary mergers near $\sim$10 au. Multiple cores accreting gas at runaway rates gravitationally perturb one another onto crossing orbits such that the average merger rate equals the gas accretion rate. Concurrent mergers and gas accretion implies the core mass scales with the total planet mass as $M_{\rm core} \propto M^{1/5}$ - heavier planets harbour heavier cores, in agreement with the observed mass-metallicity relation. While the average gas giant merges about once to double its core, others may merge multiple times, as merger trees grow chaotically. We show that the dispersion of outcomes inherent in mergers can reproduce the large scatter in observed planet metallicities, assuming $3-30\, M_\oplus$ pre-runaway cores. Mergers potentially correlate metallicity, eccentricity, and spin.
