论文标题
移动系统的相对论量子热力学
Relativistic Quantum Thermodynamics of Moving Systems
论文作者
论文摘要
我们分析了与静态热浴相互作用的恒定速度轨迹中量子系统的热力学。后者由以热状态的无质量标量场进行建模。我们考虑了移动系统与热浴的两个不同的耦合，即Unruh-Dewitt类型的耦合以及涉及该场的时间导数的耦合。我们为减少移动量子系统的动力学而得出主方程。它具有与量子光学主方程相同的形式，但具有依赖速度的不同系数。该主方程对于每种类型的耦合都具有独特的渐近状态，其特征是温度明确的热流概念。我们对热力学第二定律的分析导致了令人惊讶的等效性：移动的热浴在物理上等同于静止的热浴的混合物，每个浴场的温度不同。洛伦兹温度变化没有独特的规则。我们建议，热力学状态的洛伦兹转化是在扩展的热力学空间中很好地定义的，该空间是作为标准热力学空间的凸壳获得的。
We analyse the thermodynamics of a quantum system in a trajectory of constant velocity that interacts with a static thermal bath. The latter is modeled by a massless scalar field in a thermal state. We consider two different couplings of the moving system to the heat bath, a coupling of the Unruh-DeWitt type and a coupling that involves the time derivative of the field. We derive the master equation for the reduced dynamics of the moving quantum system. It has the same form with the quantum optical master equation, but with different coefficients that depend on velocity. This master equation has a unique asymptotic state for each type of coupling, and it is characterized by a well-defined notion of heat-flow. Our analysis of the second law of thermodynamics leads to a surprising equivalence: a moving heat bath is physically equivalent to a mixture of heat baths at rest, each with a different temperature. There is no unique rule for the Lorentz transformation of temperature. We propose that Lorentz transformations of thermodynamic states are well defined in an extended thermodynamic space that is obtained as a convex hull of the standard thermodynamic space.
