论文标题
高$ z $宇宙通过QSO（HULQ）I。
High-$z$ Universe probed via Lensing by QSOs (HULQ) I. Number Estimates of QSO-QSO and QSO-Galaxy Lenses
论文作者
论文摘要
目前尚不清楚星系及其中央超级质量黑洞（SMBHS）如何在宇宙时间共同发展，尤其是对于非本地宇宙（$ z \ gtrsim 0.5 $）。 QSO（HULQ）项目通过镜头探测的高$ z $宇宙提议利用Quasi-Stellar对象（QSO）主机星系充当重力透镜（QSO镜头）来研究此主题。本文重点介绍了该项目的可行性，即，是否有望在各种并发和未来的成像调查中找到足够数量的QSO镜头。我们发现，$ \ sim 440 $ QSO镜头将居住在超级摄像机广泛的调查（HSC/wide）中，预计将是最多产的并发调查，其中这一数字将被一到两个数量级（至$ \ sim 10000 $）提高（至$ \ sim 10000 $），例如即将进行的调查，例如大型合成型远程触发端子（lssscoptic telescoptic telescoptic telescopt（lss）。我们讨论了如何研究$ m _ {\ rm bh} - σ_*$关系的几种方法，这是共同进化的出色说明。此外，我们演示了大多数系统的镜头图像与明亮偏转器QSO的亲密关系如何影响QSO镜头的\ textIt {可检测性}。我们估计，只有$ \ sim 82 $和$ 900 $可以分别用于HSC/Wide和LSST；减少是显着的，但仍可以为主要目标产生可接受的样本。对于空间成像调查，这种减小将不再是一个问题，因为它们的小点扩散函数FWHM将允许检测到相对接近偏转器QSO的镜头图像，从而公布了较少的质量QSO宿主较少。
It is unclear how galaxies and their central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) co-evolve across cosmic time, especially for the non-local universe ($z \gtrsim 0.5$). The High-$z$ Universe probed via Lensing by QSOs (HULQ) project proposes to utilize quasi-stellar object (QSO) host galaxies acting as gravitational lenses (QSO lenses) to investigate this topic. This paper focuses on the feasibility of this project, i.e., whether sufficiently large numbers of QSO lenses are expected to be found in various concurrent and future imaging surveys. We find that $\sim 440$ QSO lenses will reside in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide survey (HSC/Wide), which is expected to be the most prolific concurrent survey, with this number being boosted by one to two orders of magnitude (to $\sim 10000$) with upcoming surveys such as that conducted with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). We discuss several methods of how to study the redshift evolution of the $M_{\rm BH} - σ_*$ relation, which is a stand-out illustration of the co-evolution. In addition, we demonstrate how the intimacy of lensed images to the bright deflector QSO for most systems will affect the \textit{detectability} of QSO lenses. We estimate that only $\sim 82$ and $900$ will be detectable for HSC/Wide and LSST, respectively; the decrease is significant yet still yields an acceptable sample for the main objective. This decrease will be less of a problem for space-based imaging surveys, for their small point spread function FWHMs will allow detections of lensed images lying relatively close to the deflector QSO, and thus unveil the less massive yet more numerous QSO hosts.
