论文标题
在没有连接性的情况下,自动驾驶汽车的安全挑战
Safety Challenges for Autonomous Vehicles in the Absence of Connectivity
论文作者
论文摘要
自动驾驶汽车(AV)被推广为一种技术,该技术将创造一个毫不费力的驾驶,几乎没有交通事故。 AV公司声称,该技术将消除由人为错误造成的所有事故中的94%。这些AV可能会避免由于受损,分心或鲁ck驱动器引起的大量崩溃。但是,仍然有很大一部分撞车事故没有直接责任。特别是,AV与其相邻车辆(V2V)和基础设施(I2V)的缺乏导致缺乏可能引起此类崩溃的信息。由于当今的AV设计不需要这种连接性,因此将来这些崩溃将继续存在。使用NHTSA前爆炸场景类型的典型示例,我们表明完全自动驾驶汽车无法在没有连接性的情况下保证安全。结合了理论模型和经验数据,我们还认为,这种危险情况的可能性很高。这表明结合连接是通往安全AV技术的道路的重要步骤。
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are promoted as a technology that will create a future with effortless driving and virtually no traffic accidents. AV companies claim that, when fully developed, the technology will eliminate 94% of all accidents that are caused by human error. These AVs will likely avoid the large number of crashes caused by impaired, distracted or reckless drivers. But there remains a significant proportion of crashes for which no driver is directly responsible. In particular, the absence of connectivity of an AV with its neighboring vehicles (V2V) and the infrastructure (I2V) leads to a lack of information that can induce such crashes. Since AV designs today do not require such connectivity, these crashes would persist in the future. Using prototypical examples motivated by the NHTSA pre-crash scenario typology, we show that fully autonomous vehicles cannot guarantee safety in the absence of connectivity. Combining theoretical models and empirical data, we also argue that such hazardous scenarios will occur with a significantly high probability. This suggests that incorporating connectivity is an essential step on the path towards safe AV technology.