论文标题

地下边界几何建模:将计算物理,计算机视觉和信号处理技术应用于地球科学

Subsurface Boundary Geometry Modeling: Applying Computational Physics, Computer Vision and Signal Processing Techniques to Geoscience

论文作者

Leung, Raymond

论文摘要

本文描述了地理空间边界几何建模的跨学科方法。目的是使用差别的几何形状从不规则的空间图案中提取表面,并沿提取表面的边界获得一致的方向预测,以实现更具针对性的采样和探索。数据的特定困难包括稀疏性,不完整,因果关系和解决方案差异。仅使用来自地质结构域内横截面的稀疏样品来估算表面斜率,而在中间深度没有其他信息。从边界检测到地下重建,过程之间是自动化的。要解决的关键问题是边界提取,区域对应关系和通过轮廓变形的边界传播。使用计算理学,计算机视觉和信号处理的建立技术进行了适当的修改,以应对每个领域的挑战。为了促进边界提取,提出了边缘图合成过程。这与连接的组件分析,各向异性扩散和活动轮廓一起使用,以将无序点转换为正规边界。对于区域对应关系,通过图形分解来处理组件关系。基于FFT的空间对齐策略用于区域合并和分裂场景。对齐区域之间的形状变化是通过轮廓变形描述的。具体而言,局部空间变形是通过PDE建模的,并使用级别集方法进行计算。通过遵循不断发展的边界,使用粒子轨迹获得方向预测。但是,当遇到分支点时,粒子可能会失去波前的轨迹。为了克服这一点,已经提出了一个路边回溯算法来恢复边界段的信息,而无需粒子覆盖以最大程度地减少形状失真。

This paper describes an interdisciplinary approach to geometry modeling of geospatial boundaries. The objective is to extract surfaces from irregular spatial patterns using differential geometry and obtain coherent directional predictions along the boundary of extracted surfaces to enable more targeted sampling and exploration. Specific difficulties of the data include sparsity, incompleteness, causality and resolution disparity. Surface slopes are estimated using only sparse samples from cross-sections within a geological domain with no other information at intermediate depths. From boundary detection to subsurface reconstruction, processes are automated in between. The key problems to be solved are boundary extraction, region correspondence and propagation of the boundaries via contour morphing. Established techniques from computational physics, computer vision and signal processing are used with appropriate modifications to address challenges in each area. To facilitate boundary extraction, an edge map synthesis procedure is presented. This works with connected component analysis, anisotropic diffusion and active contours to convert unordered points into regularized boundaries. For region correspondence, component relationships are handled via graphical decomposition. FFT-based spatial alignment strategies are used in region merging and splitting scenarios. Shape changes between aligned regions are described by contour metamorphosis. Specifically, local spatial deformation is modeled by PDE and computed using level-set methods. Directional predictions are obtained using particle trajectories by following the evolving boundary. However, when a branching point is encountered, particles may lose track of the wavefront. To overcome this, a curvelet backtracking algorithm has been proposed to recover information for boundary segments without particle coverage to minimize shape distortion.

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