论文标题
相对论电子气体的负折射
Negative refraction in the relativistic electron gas
论文作者
论文摘要
我们表明，相对论电子的气体是一种低频的左手材料，通过计算麦克斯韦方程中出现的有效的电介电常数和有效的磁渗透性，而在本构态关系中出现的响应，并且表明前者在{\ it Same}的频率以下是负面的，它与loneformins floson的{\ it Same}频率相一致。我们还通过明确的计算表明，电磁辐射的光子模式不会耗散能量，从而证实了它以真空中的光速在气体中传播，并且介质与其透明。然后，我们将这些结果结合在一起，以表明气体具有折射率的负有效索引$ n _ {\ rm eff} = - 1 $。我们说明了这一事实对斯内尔定律的后果，以及气体的反射和传播系数。
We show that a gas of relativistic electrons is a left-handed material at low frequencies by computing the effective electric permittivity and effective magnetic permeability that appear in Maxwell's equations in terms of the responses appearing in the constitutive relations, and showing that the former are both negative below the {\it same} frequency, which coincides with the zero-momentum frequency of longitudinal plasmons. We also show, by explicit computation, that the photonic mode of the electromagnetic radiation does not dissipate energy, confirming that it propagates in the gas with the speed of light in vacuum, and that the medium is transparent to it. We then combine those results to show that the gas has a negative effective index of refraction $n_{\rm eff}=-1$. We illustrate the consequences of this fact for Snell's law, and for the reflection and transmission coefficients of the gas.
